Design Of An Exhibition Gallery - 1712 Words

Some are like sea serpents, others like office cubicles, but regardless the shape, all art museum galleries intend to give viewers a certain experience. The flowing into, out of, and around gallery spaces within an art museum can positively or negatively affect the patron’s experience. Unfortunately, when the design of an exhibition gallery negatively affects a viewer, a disservice is done to the artists and culture of the artworks on view. On view in the permanent collection of the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas is the exhibition of several seventeenth and eighteenth century artworks with Spanish influences, accompanied by a single Japanese artifact of the same era. At first glance, all the pieces on display within this†¦show more content†¦The grouping of these paintings is quite clear from a historical and visual standpoint. The paintings each feature warm colors with a splash of vibrancy, apparent subjects, perhaps due to their monochromatic backgrounds , and also display the same sort of calm and collected subject matter that much of Spanish Baroque art concentrated on. The Wine Flask, whose creator is unknown, fits in with warm color scheme and dates back around the same time as the rest of the exhibition, however it has a known origin of Japan. Entering the gallery from the main corridor, the patron has two openings to choose from, one on the left and one on the right, due to the placement of a single white vista wall. With a single exit way on the side parallel to the entryways, a bench placed in the center of the gallery, and no floor designs suggesting a specific route, the intended circulatory path of this exhibition is unclear. To view each artwork within the exhibition and exit into the next gallery, the viewer is forced to travel the same path they came at least once. Having an undefined pathway in the layout of this gallery leads to further issues in the exhibition. The most apparent issue is that the viewer is unable to immediately recognize if there is a focal piece in the gallery. Being in a rectangular room with two parallel white vista walls and the remaining walls being featured in the same beige stone material with no single focal lighting element,Show MoreRelatedThe Gallery, By Artist Joan Ryan And Destroy D elete Transform By Andrea Burgay. R. Gallery937 Words   |  4 Pages1972, A.I.R. Gallery is the first not-for-profit, all-women artist-directed, cooperative art gallery in the United States. The gallery was established for the reason that, despite gains made by the early women artists’ movement, the majority of the emergent women had no place to show their art. As an advocate for women artists, A.I.R. Gallery has worked tirelessly to promote women artists and maintained a driving force in the New York art scene. The gallery currently has three exhibitions on view:Read More Comparing the Websites of Frist and the National Gallery of Art1001 Words   |  5 PagesArt galleries and museums are buildings or spaces used exclusively for the exhibition and education of art, but that’s not all. Galleries and museums are an essential part of our society. Art in itself transcends cultural diversity and differences; the museums and galleries that display art present to us insight into the various cultures, backgrounds, and communities in an unprejudiced environment. They also provide a significant impact on local and state economics. According to the 2007 AmericansRead MoreExhibition Review – Dale Chihuly, the Halcyon Gallery Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesExhibition Review – Dale Chihuly, the Halcyon Gallery Dale Chihuly is an American artist, born September 20th, 1941 who is known for his glass sculptures. One of his most well known pieces is the blue and green glass sculpture hanging in the front entrance of the Victoria Albert Museum in London (figure 1). His work has included over 200 museum collections worldwide, and I visited his exhibition in the Halcyon Gallery on New Bond Street in London on the 23rd of January 2012. The entireRead MorePhiladelphia Museum : A Three Floored Building1173 Words   |  5 Pagesconceptually and according to nationality. The exhibitions are classified in different categories ranging from American Art, Asian art, European art, to Arms and armor, Prints drawing and photographs, Modern and contemporary art, Special Exhibitions, and Textiles. The ground floor is composed of two types of artwork: prints, drawing, and photography; specifically, the Honickman and Berman Galleries, and modern and contemporary art. The Honickman and Berman Galleries and a section of the modern and contemporaryRead MoreReflection of Renà © Trevià ±os Exhibition, Axial Precessions779 Words   |  3 PagesGrimaldis Gallery in Baltimore, and had an exhibition from January 29, 2014-March 8, 2014 entitled Axial Precessions, hosted by the C. Grimaldis Gallery. The C. Grimaldis Gallery has a bit of history standing behind it. It was established in 1977 by Consantine Grimaldis and is the longest operating art gallery in the Baltimore City area. The gallery hosts exhibitions featuring American and European artists and works from the Post World War II, contemporary, and modern eras. The gallery has veryRead MoreThe World Of The Exhibition Is Urban Studies, Artists Simon And Tom Brothers1372 Words   |  6 Pagesconstitutes a wall covering almost half of space, and sunshine penetrates into the gallery. It is pretty windy when I was visiting there, the shadow from clouds rapidly flowing around the ground strongly results in distraction. There is some colourful debris spread everywhere, looking like the small plaster-made cans, lining beneath the wall at the corner. (see fig. 2) Huge security fences of construction site built in the gallery, such like a labyrinth, the canvas covering them with abstract and blurredRead MoreRelationship Between The Body And The City s Building1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe symposium then explored the relationship between the body and the city’s building in more depth with Adam Greenhalgh’s paper Body/Building: New York City around 1910. The associate curator of the National Gallery of Art in Washington presented once more Manhattan as a living body, and his interpretation of Excavations at night as an autopsy of the city conveys a powerful image of the city being exposed and vulnerable like Miss Bentham. Mr Greenhalgh confessed that he tends to see the grim sideRead MoreSublime : Contemporary Works From The Collection1495 Words   |  6 Pagescollection exhibition at t he Gallery of Modern Art evokes an intense emotional response from the viewer. Ellie Buttrose (Associate curator of International Contemporary Art) described the exhibition as â€Å"a presentation of the various ways that artists engage with the Sublime in contemporary art†. (E Buttrose, n.d.) The exhibition overwhelms the viewer’s senses; they begin to marvel in the enormity and grandeur of the culturally diverse artworks. This vast range displayed throughout the exhibition, accordingRead MoreThe Institute Of Museum And Library Services1490 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and digital resources would be the new â€Å"REIMAGE†. The research and evaluation of this program targets each state museum and library needs and what they have to offer to the community. The museum of my choice would be to create an Interactive Gallery Fashion Institute. There is a need of more youth fashion cultural awareness museums in Florida. The culture and selection of fashion defines who we are and how we behave as people. This museum will share the history of fashion from around the worldRead MoreMy Passion For Art701 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst time I have fallen in love with traditional culture. Later, my passion of painting allowed me to attend artistic high school, where I first learned the professional knowledge and skills of art. The enthusiasm of painting supported me to study design in college. During college, my art history course gave me a deeper understanding of the cultures from different countries. In addition, the curiosity from my heart encouraged me to learn and travel, which gave me a chance to learn diverse cultures

Key Concepts Free Essays

Essentially, organizational culture is the character of the organization a culture is consists of complex problem that basically includes groups who shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Culture is widespread to aspects of its inside and outside relationships and culture is multi-layered in that it guides someone actions even to the degree that members are not even conscious he or she influenced by, it. The field of OB uses scientific methods to develop test. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Concepts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scholars support to agree that the foundation of any organizations culture is grounded in a rich set of belief about the nature of the world and human being relationships (John R. Schermerhorm, 2008). For example, the essential belief that people are self-centered and only out for themselves may inadvertently influence a company outlook and behaviors toward outside vendors, and consultants. This profound stuff is largely unseen, unspoken, and unknown to organizations members.So is it likely to genuinely know a company culture. Culture is one of these languages that are hard to express clearly, but every person recognize it when he or she sense it. Leaders, who decide to lead their culturally diverse work-teams, to success, will engage each team member in the day-to-day development of workplace diversity management. Ultimately, through the new diversity team agreement and contribution, they will be able to grow their services into developing and moving new markets.Organizational behavior is the learning of personality and groups inside a company they view reacts to different assessment such as communication, diversity, organizational culture, success, good organization, and knowledge. It seems that administration and employees never thought that change would come. Recently a new manager has come in and put into action certain changes to the company. These changes are thought to offer better service for people and customers, but people are perceived the adjustments are having a negative effect on them.The behavior of the business has been typically pessimistic toward change and employees are in search of employment in other companies. Organizational behavior is vital to all management function, roles, skills, actives, and approaches to management. Because organizations are built up levels individual, group and organizational system as a company it is vital for managers to comprehend individual behavior sequentially to meet the organizations total target. OB recognizes that management business practices needs to tailor to fit the ature of each situation. Managements function is to prepare, arrange, lead, and control. It’s apparent that managers need to develop their people skills if they’re going to be helpful and successful. One of the most important challenges currently facing organizations is become accustomed to people who are different. The expression we use for describing this challenge is workforce diversity. This means that organizations are becoming more of a variety of mixed people in terms of age, gender, race, and ethnicity.Several years ago diversity was stared at as black or white, female or male, but in today’s business world this has changed. A diverse workforce, for example, includes women and men, people of color, physically disabled, seniors. Even though globalization is taking place diversity among people from around the world. Workplace diversity is a people issue, paying attention on the differences and likeness that people take to an organization. It is typically defined generally to include span beyond those specified legally in equal opportunity and action non-discrimination laws.Diversity is often read to include dimension, which influences the identities that people bring, such as career, education, and geographic location. Diversity is about knowledge from others who are not one and the same, about pride and respect for all, and about making workplace environments that encourages education from others and gain the advantage of diverse outlook. Communication is also used to assist employees who refuse to accept changes within the company. Organizational behavior holds many features of individual concepts, which must be incorporated into a company in order for it to succeed.Open communication makes available for employees to sense appreciated and valued for the reason that they are able to go into th eir managers or supervisor office and speak about any views he or she may be having. At the same time communication makes certain that all troubles are dealt with and not overlooked. These thoughts and ideas that companies want to integrate into the workplace. Some of these ideas are organizational behavior, culture, effectiveness, learning, communication, and diversity. If a company can integrate all these concepts, the company is certain for success. How to cite Key Concepts, Papers

Music satyasheel deshpande Essay Example For Students

Music satyasheel deshpande Essay Bandit satchel deckhands is an unconventional and widely loved Hindustan musician. He is a captivating performer and a brilliant composer of songs . He is also a noted researcher and an acclaimed author. Bandit satchel deckhands has been coming to flame since last two years. At the function Bandit stealthily is sitting right in the middle of the group which is performing on stage. There are two satirists sitting right besides bandit who were playing excellent sitar. E audience really loved their style of playing the sitar. Then there is one musician playing the harmonium who is sitting right next to the singer in between. The singer is a master in his skill and he thoroughly enjoys while singing any raga or song he sings. There is a man playing the table sitting right opposite to the person playing the harmonium. Thus the two satirists, the singer, the harmonium artist and the table artist together with bandit satchel deckhands formed the group of artists that day. The concert started with a person briefing the audience about Bandit satchel deckhands life . He also illuminated the audience that bandit had been a devoted singer to music since a very early age. Bandit has been visiting Flame since two years in succession. He had come with his wife and beloved son to grace the occasion. Bandit satchel deckhands had a uniqueness in him which set him apart from the other artists. Students from varied backgrounds had come to experience the concert at Flame. This shows the fan following of Bandit satchel deckhands. Bandit satchel deckhands started with a song by the name Bank Bilabial. It was a very interesting raga to start a concert and catch the attention of the mass audience. The raga being played was Chooms in tune and succession. There was a sense of inquisitiveness in Bandit satchel deckhands while singing the song. The audience started to love the performance as the concert progressed. The harmonium artist played harmonium fantastically in perfect rhythm ND tune. The song Bank Bilabial lasted for twenty minutes from the starting of the concert. Bandit was constantly trying to hint at something very significant, this was proved by his actions in the act. At the end of the twenty minute small act , Bandit mentioned something about Knish Kandahar. This proves that bandit used technical as well as standard notes on whatever he sang and emphasized. The next song sung by Bandit was one of his best acts in the the whole concert. He name of he song is Sugar ski as Hahn made ski chainman. Through this song he was trying to convey something to come down in a very different manner. His expressions were of sudden surprise and touching to the heart . People were completely engrossed during the concert . Bandit also mentioned something about the agrarians in particular emphasizing the whole song as a whole. This song sung by him was a ten minute cycle towards the end. This raga by bandit was highly appreciated by the audience.

Running Head Youth Gangs an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Running Head: Youth Gangs Howell's article mentioned that the definition of a youth gang varies from every state. They are considered a group of young delinquents assumed to have associated themselves with a gang name. This would correspond to a certain set of characteristics and symbolism usually exclusive to their group. The size of these groups also varies from every location. Need essay sample on "Running Head: Youth Gangs" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to a survey, adolescents join gangs at the rate of 14-30%. Their ages range from 12-24, and their membership continues to expand since 1980, same with the gang problems reported to the authorities. Howell established in his article that a great portion of the country experiences delinquency from these gangs. The article also mentioned that gangs were not exclusive to men. There are some female members reported as well. Undergraduates Often Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my essay online. I want to spend time with my friends Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ Online Essay Writing Company Best Essay Writing Service Buy College Papers Online Cheap Essay Writing Service A large portion of the crimes reported were by the many youth gangs. This was given the rate of 3 is to 1 of the crimes committed by non gang related crimes in Denver. In Rochester, it is 7 to 1. Their influences are definitely greater than non gang members, and the effects can stretch for a very long term. Offense rates significantly drop when the gang leaves the area. That is also because gangs are usually involved with drug and alcohol use. Violence seemed inevitable. On the other hand, there is no relation between gangs and drug trafficking and homicides. Another study also showed that the growth of gangs have nothing to do with gang migration. It was found out that although there was an increase in theft and robbery when gangs migrate, the changes were not drastic in some regions. The composition of these gangs usually consist of Italians, Irish and Jewish. However, according to a national survey, almost half of the gangs comprises of blacks at 48%. Others are Hispanic, at 43%. Whites covered 5%, while 4% were established to be Asians. On the other hand, where students are involved, white adolescents are of a larger scale. Those black students who admitted they were gang members were 31% of the sample. Hispanic and the Whites got 25% each, and 5% were Asian. Youth gang is a fact in any society. Seemed as secret congregations, these gangs have brought fear and paranoia in many people. They have become a threat in and society. However, these percentages and studies only highlighted gang involvement by race. These digits can lead one to assume that blacks will most likely involve themselves with gangs and Asians are mostly composed of good people. This form of stereotyping should never be accepted in any society. In fact it should be discouraged. Although the article presented significant data, it somehow failed to establish the causes of these delinquent activities. How did they become a threat? They have been rated to all the crimes, compared with other transgressions in society, but the author did not include its source. If youth gangs are approached as an illness in society, then articles such as this should also supply means to counter the predicament. It should have provided suggestions. Although its aim was suppose to render information to a public, there should an underlying purpose and an avenue to attain that. Delinquency should not have been equated to race. The significant difference among colors should not matter as much. The crime rates by youth gangs should be lowered to none. The youth should not be involved. They should be able to enjoy their childhood without hate or anger. If rates are greater due to youth gangs then action should be done at the most immediate time. We should not have waited to have these statistics show us how grave the problem already is. However, now that these numbers are here, a move should be initiated. Reference Howell, J. (December 2007). "Youth gangs." Retrieved March 5, 2008 from http://www.ncjrs.gov/txtfiles/fs9772.txt .

Schedule Hundreds of Social Messages With Bulk Social Upload

Schedule Hundreds of Social Messages With Bulk Social Upload Your marketing team produces hundreds  of social messages every month. (Which is AWESOME). But the process of manually uploadingpreviewingeditingAND scheduling hundreds of social messages Across 5 different social networks†¦ Using multiple social profiles†¦. Eats up HOURS of your team’s already-limited time. (Which is not-so-awesome). But what if you could bring that process down from hours†¦ to just a few minutes? 😠 Where you could quickly upload hundreds of social messages (with just a couple clicks)†¦ Easily preview and edit every  message†¦ (add finishing touches like images, links, and social profiles) AND then schedule those messages to send at the best time for your audience. Interested?! Introducing Bulk Social Upload from ! AKA the *new* way to upload, finalize, and schedule hundreds of social messagesin a matter of minutes. With Bulk Social Upload, you can: Quickly upload HUNDREDS of social messages to your calendar.  The days of spending hours manually uploading a month’s worth of social messages are officially over.  With Bulk Social Upload, you can upload up to 365 social messages to a new OR existing social campaign with just a couple clicks. Easily preview, edit AND schedule every social message.  Just because you upload messages in bulk, doesn’t mean you care any less about giving each message the attention it deserves. With Bulk Social Upload, you can easily preview and edit every message, and schedule it to send at the best time for your audience. And when Bulk Social Upload makes it this easy to get a month’s (!!!) worth of messages on your calendar†¦ You’re gonna wonder how you ever  lived without it. Let’s get into the deets! Schedule Hundreds of Social Messages With Bulk Social Upload In @Quickly Upload HUNDREDS Of Social Messages To Your Calendar Having to manually copy and paste†¦ Hundreds of social messages†¦ EVERY MONTH†¦ Well, it’s not fun. And it’s a total drain on your very  precious time. Luckily, thanks to Bulk Social Upload from The days of spending hours manually uploading a month’s worth of social messages are officially over. 🎉 With Bulk Social Upload, you can quickly upload up to 365 social messages to a new OR existing social campaign with just a couple clicks. With Bulk Social Upload in @, you can quickly upload up to 365 social messages to a newHeres a quick video for those visual learners out there: Not a visual learner? Keep readin to get the exact how-tos.🠤“ How To Upload Messages To A *New* Campaign Step 1:  Find the day you would like to start your new campaign, and hit the â€Å"+† sign in upper right hand corner of that date (or go straight for the large â€Å"+† sign in the upper right hand corner of the overall calendar view if you’re not sure of the start date at this point). Step 2: Select the â€Å"Upload† button in the upper right hand corner of the pop-up. Step 3:  Choose â€Å"Social Messages† as the type of content you would like to upload. Step 4:  Download the CSV template. Step 5:  Add your messages to the template! (Pro Tip: Double check that the columns in the spreadsheet have the correct info before you upload it in the next couple steps!) Step 6: Once you’ve got your messages ready to go, continue the upload process in and select â€Å"Create new social campaign† Step 7:  Give your new social campaign a name. Step 8:  Find and upload your completed CSV file to . Step 9: Once your messages are uploaded, select at least one social profile. (Pro Tip: You can choose as many as you’d like or just onewe just need to assign the messages to at least one profile for the upload to be successful). Step 10: Let it processand once it does, you’re ready to start previewing, editing, and scheduling your messages! But we’ll get to that part of the process in the next section. 😊 Before we jump ahead†¦ Let’s do a quick how-to if you want to upload messages to an  existing  social campaign! How To Upload Messages To An Existing Campaign Step 1:  Find the large â€Å"+† sign in the upper right hand corner of the overall calendar view. Step 2: Select the â€Å"Upload† button in the upper right hand corner of the pop-up. Step 3:  Choose â€Å"Social Messages† as the type of content you would like to upload. Step 4:  Download the CSV template. Step 5:  Add your messages to the template! (Pro Tip: Double check that the columns in the spreadsheet have the correct info before you upload it in the next couple steps!) Step 6: Once you’ve got your messages ready to go, continue the upload process in and click on â€Å"Select existing campaign† Step 7:  Find and select an existing social campaign. Step 8:  Find and upload your completed CSV file to . Step 9: Once your messages are uploaded, select at least one social profile. (Pro Tip: You can choose as many as you’d like or just onewe just need to assign the messages to at least one profile for the upload to be successful). Step 10: Let it processand once it does, you’re ready to start previewing, editing, and scheduling your messages! Speaking of which†¦ Head to the next section to learn how you can preview, edit, AND schedule every  social message in your campaign.

Assessment of a students personal learning style

Assessment of a students personal learning style Any educational course is always commenced with some expectations and hopes to achieve some specific goals. These expectations and hopes are always contingent to some estimation as well as some strategic plans to achieve the set goals. In this essay I will endeavour to write a personal reflection on what I have learned upon completing the course .This will include some assessment of my personal learning style and strengths and weaknesses, an estimated work plan for my completion of the degree, and the strategy I will intend to adopt for future essay writing. This will be a useful document to help me through the course as well as an important part of my assessment. These expectations with reference to their strategic planning for the accomplishment of the course are as follows: My expectations before the commencement of the B.Th. course at SLCC. A new learning experience in London (SLCC). Exploration of learning potentials and weakness. Evaluation of my strengths and weakness to impr ove the mistakes and shortcomings. The Assessment to judge my achievement and future planning to complete my degree at a specific determined time. MY EXPECTATIONS AND THE NEW LEARNING EXPERIENCE: It was expected by me that I would be supposed to go through the written examinations as is instructed in my home country, Pakistan. I was unaware of the enhanced research study at UK because I never researched before even at my Master degree level studies rather went through a specific syllabus and examination system. I also thought to be prepared for the examination by cramming the things in contrast to be creative minded person as I am now. Learning through visual aids like movies that are being shown by Mercia time to time and use of PowerPoint in the seminars are very innovative and a new things to learn for me. These things left a permanent impression on my memory as is also said that show and tell is a good way of teaching and one learns a lot through hearing and seeing. Seminars tha t are held on some occasions are also a good source of education as they just bring a slight change in one’s regular monotonous routine of learning work. Apart from this change, they also provide a chance to learn a very comprehensive and lengthy topic within a short period of time. These seminars are also a unique experience for me as they informed me about the things happening on an international level for instance persecution of the Christian throughout the world came to my knowledge at SLCC in contrast to my previous knowledge of persecution that was only limited to the Bible. Discussion on some topic is a best way of learning as compared to learning alone because in a group discussion different opinions and ideas are shared that bring out the best possible answer of the faced issue. In addition, question answer method of study at SLCC also brought confidence in me to further explore and polish my hidden talents. I never had any idea to cope with an atmosphere where essay s are written by using libraries and internet because I was not good at internet and never used any library before coming to SLCC. Therefore, usage and utilization of library and the Internet created in me a sense of curiosity for more and more as well as correct knowledge.

Military Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Military Technology - Essay Example The internet and phones connect us to people who are thousands of miles away from us and have bonded people together as well as widening our view on staffs and made information even more accessible to persons. Evolution of technology has made life easier by saving lives via technological medical advances. Newer technological advances might lead to newer scientific discoveries. For instance, the developed DNA sequencing and copying technologies has led us into important breakthroughs in several areas of biology, specifically in reconstruction of evolutionary relationships amongst organisms. One might think the society is relying too much on it but that might be a good staff since that's the way our lives seems to be improving now thanks to technology (Hardy, 2002). Our everyday lives are spent surrounded by technology and technology not just being Xboxes and TVs. We heavily depend on cars, trains, and planes for transportation. The society also rely greatly on advancements in weaponry so us to keep the country safe. We spin around technology and it has enhanced our lives greatly. I think our everyday life would be miserable without evolution of technology. ... Moreover if you don’t own a recent one then it`s same as not owning one at all. With the evolution of technology, we are discovering new, and life altering ways to enhance research into many diverse fields which we use every single day. One of the most essential forms of research which with the aid of technology has assisted individuals worldwide is medical research. Devoid of the evolution of technology that the society has now, most of the treatments the society has for diseases, injuries and infections would have not been invented if the technology society has today did not exist. Human life spans would significantly be reduced, and they would not recover from diseases, injuries or infection the way they are able to now. Less harmful infections and injuries would be more serious and might not heal as they do. Diseases too would be way more deadly than they are currently (Jaeger & Bowman, 2005). A good example of how society is dependent on the current technology to assist p eople as well as make huge improvements on illnesses is evidenced in reliance on artificial limbs to make life easier. The continued funding of NASA( National Aeronautics and Space Administration), together with its combined innovations in shock-absorption and robotics materials are inspiring and allowing the private sector to generate new and better solutions to animal and human prostheses. Advancements for instance Environmental Robots Inc.’s improvement of artificial muscle systems that has actuation capabilities and robotic sensing for use in extravehicular activities and space robotic of NASA are being adapted to generate a very functionally dynamic artificial limbs. Technology also make our lives easier and that of society through improving the transport sector.

The Effects of Education on Youth Smoking Essay

The Effects of Education on Youth Smoking - Essay Example Moreover, legislation has been passed around the globe which seeks to reduce the impact that certain marketing strategies can have on adolescent for instances. Legislation has recently it has United States which is that cartoon characters or other visually suggestive marketing strategies, such as Joe Camel, it should not be used due to the fact that the underage individuals to engage with cigarette merely because the marketing is specifically targeted to their demographic. Even though these changes have taken place, the sad reality is that young people continue to start smoking cigarettes each and every day. This is all particular importance not only due to the fact that children are just as susceptible to the health impacts that cigarettes entail as adults, it is also of high importance due to the fact that once a young person begin smoking, they are oftentimes likely to continue this habit well into adulthood; oftentimes until they develop a severe medical condition which can take their life. As a means of understanding this reality, the following analysis will focus upon the reasons for why young people begin smoking as a means of seeking to diminish these causal forces that exist within society and promoting a more healthful nation. A great deal of research has indicated that one of the causal reasons for adolescents to begin smoking has to do with whether or not their parents smoke. As such, a statistically higher level of likelihood exists for those adolescents whose parents, or parent as the case may be, smoke as compared to those you do not have such an influence within the home. Naturally, a further reason for why this is a factor has to do with the fact that individual adolescents whose parents/parent smoke are presented with the widespread availability of cigarettes all through their youth (Sohn, 2014).

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Then.. ï  ± First Starbucks opened in Seattle Washington. ï  ± March 30, 1971 ï  ± Jerry Baldwin – English teacher ï  ± Gordon Bowker-Writer ï  ± Zev Seigl-History teacher ï‚â€" Then†¦ ï  ± Entrepreneur Howard Schultz joined the company in 1982. ï  ± Director of retail operations and marketing. ï  ± Ideas of selling beverages. ï‚â€" Then†¦ ï  ± April, 1984 first store to sell beverages was opened. ï  ± Served 400 customer- over the 250 customer average at their best score. ï  ± II Giornale Acquires Starbucks. ï  ± Howard Schultz- Starbucks president and CEO. ï‚â€" Now†¦ ï  ¶ World’s premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee. ï  ¶ 8,812 company-owned stores. ï  ¶ 7,812 licensed stores in more than 50 countries. ï‚â€" Now†¦ ï  ¶ Annual sales of about US$14.89 Billion. ï  ¶ Sell: Whole bean coffee, Ground Coffee, pastries, beverages and coffee related products. ï‚â€" Mission Statement 1990- October 2008 Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles as we grow. ï‚â€" Vision†¦ Starbucks Digital Network, in partnership with Yahoo! Its vision is to provide best cup of coffee to include providing the best digital experience. They are now offering music among choices from their digital network. ï‚â€" Opened with Tata global beverages. (50-50)% partners First In Mumbai, October 19, 2012 Now 54 stores in Four cities (in 17 months) ïÆ'Ëœ CEO of TATA Starbucks is Avani Saglani Davda. ïÆ'Ëœ Starbucks also get source to coffee beans from Kodagu (Karnataka) ïÆ'Ëœ Opened with investment of US$66 Million. ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ï‚â€" Ethics†¦ Starbucks and Shared Planet is committed to doing business responsibly. A better way to help each other and planet. ï‚â€" SWOT Analysis ï‚â€" Strengths†¦ ïÆ'Ëœ Leading retailer and roaster for brand specialty coffee in the world. ïÆ'Ëœ Known for providing superior products and services. ïÆ'Ëœ Number 7 on Fortune Magazine’s â€Å"100 best companies to work for†. ïÆ'Ëœ Consistent high quality of service. ïÆ'Ëœ Limited no. of strong competitors. ïÆ'Ëœ High market share and market growth. ï‚â€" Weaknesses†¦ ï‚ § High prices because of quality ingredients used. ï‚ § Starbucks refuses to guarantee that milk, beverages, chocolate, ice cream and baked goods sold in the company’s stores are free of genetically- modified ingredients. ï‚ § Strong presence in U.S. more than three quarters of its cafes located in the domestic market. ï‚ § In order to reduce business risk, expansion is needed. ï‚â€" Opportunities†¦ ïÆ' ¼ High growth of economy and market in Indonesia, especially in urban areas. ïÆ' ¼ Could diverse their product not only in coffee. ïÆ' ¼ The potential employees are educated peoples which make it easier to train them. ïÆ' ¼ Strong financial support. ï‚â€" Threats†¦ ï  ¶ Competitors and copycat could pose potential threats. ï  ¶ Sentimental issues to the bad effect of coffee from society. ï  ¶ Global financial crisis-make people tend not to spend. ï  ¶ Exposed to rises in the cost of coffee and dairy products. ï‚â€" Competition†¦ ï‚â€" Company Financial Report ï  ± Revenue: US$14.89 Billion ï  ± Operating Income: US$325.4 Million ï  ± Net Income: US$8.8 Million ï  ± Total assets: US$11.5167 Billion ï  ± Total Equity: US$4.48 Billion ï‚â€" Conclusion†¦ ï  ± Summary Strengths Opportunities Threats Conclusion Weaknesses Overpriced coffee. ï  ± Health concerns regarding caffeine and caloric intake. ï  ± Main focus on expansion rather than internal improvement. ï  ± Total revenue of $10.7 billion in 2010. ï  ± Starbucks has added an average of two stores on a daily basis since 1987.

A Martyrs Victory In A Spiritual Sense :: essays research papers fc

A Martyr's Victory in a Spiritual Sense Bishop Francis X. Ford was a well educated, enormously gentle man, that was kicked, beaten, insulted, and surrounded by hatred. All this because of one mans beliefs. He was born in Brooklyn in 1892. He was the founder of the Maryknoll Missionaries and was the first bishop of Kwantung, China. He was killed in the late 1950's in China, he was charged with anti-Communist, counterrevolutionary, and espionage activities, his real "crime" was for being a Christian and a foreigner. During his life Bishop Ford illustrated the cardinal virtue of fortitude, which is the ability to overcome fear in order to pursue good; "it is an active sake to overcome evil for the sake of gods kingdom" said Huggard. When he took office in China, the country was already feeling the effects of the massive Japanese advance across Asia. In a short time millions lost there lives and were driven from there homes. Bishop ford refused to leave the war-torn country, even after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war. During this time he distinguished himself by the way he cared for war refugees. Chinese paid a terrible price during this war with Japan, but even more costly was a civil war that followed. Bishop Ford exemplified the virtue of fortitude, by not leaving the war-torn country and staying to try to pursue good. During this time of war, many would wonder what was the reason for him to stay in China, and what was his why to live? In the Novel A Mans Search For Meaning, Nietzsche says "he who has a why to live can bear with almost any how". If Ford had left the country during the time of war, there would have probably been no hope for the war refugees that didn't have the option to stay or go. His why to live was not to save himself, but to save others. In the Novel Frankl describes the human person as a meaning maker, who has the last human freedom namely to choose one attitude in a given set of circumstances. In 1950, he moved from his Diocese in Kaying China, to a political prison in Canton 200, miles away. At every stop along the way he was put on public display and humiliated. His attitude during these stops was not to give and let the humiliation make get to him, but to use it as a stepping stone to fight harder, he did the inevitable he used the humiliation to make him better.

Mr. Know All Summary

Ex. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- 1. I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were  had been 2. If I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. am  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4. Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? will press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have . If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8 . I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock. Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  wouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't brought Ex. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- 1. I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were  had been 2. If I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. m  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4. Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? will press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have 7. If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8. I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock.Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  wouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't brought Ex. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- 1. I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were  had been 2. If I  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. am  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4. Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? ill press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have 7. If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8. I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock. Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  wouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't brought Ex. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- . I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were  had been 2. If I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. am  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4. Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? will press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have 7. If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8.I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock. Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  wouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't brought Ex. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- 1. I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were  had been 2. If I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. am  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4.Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? will press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have 7. If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8. I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock. Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  wouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't broughtEx. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- 1. I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were   had been 2. If I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. am  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4. Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? will press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have . If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8. I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock. Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  w ouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't brought Ex. 1: Conditionals Choose the most appropriate answer. ————————————————- 1. I like this coat. If it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cheaper, I would buy it. is  would be  were  had been 2. If I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you, I would call him. m  would be  were  had been 3. She would write to him if she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  his address. knows  would know  knew  had known 4. Even if I had enough money, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  buy this car. could  might  would  would not 5. What would happen if someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this button accidentally? will press  would press  pressed  had pressed 6. What would you do if you  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a million dollars? have  had  had had  would have 7. If I had a bicycle, I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for a ride with you. can go  could go  could have gone  would have gone 8. I hope she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mind if I stayed here. doesn't  won't  wouldn't  would 9. Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock.Could  Might  Should  Would 10. She would be disappointed if we  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  her a present. won't bring  wouldn't bring  didn't bring  hadn't brought 1. Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will become a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidaysB * When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a)she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he will buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can help you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be under the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in it. * I won’t say a word ( , ).Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will become a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidays B When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a) she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he will buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can help you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be under the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in it. * I won’t say a word ( , ).Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will bec ome a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidays B When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a)she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he will buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can help you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be under the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in it. * I won’t say a word ( , ).Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will become a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidays B When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a)she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he will buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can help you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be under the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in i t. * I won’t say a word ( , ).Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will become a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidays B When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a)she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he will buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can help you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be un der the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in it. * I won’t say a word ( , ).Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will become a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidays B When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a)she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he will buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can hel p you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be under the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in it. * I won’t say a word ( , ).Revise clauses of time and condition and match the two parts of the sentences. A * If Jane has free time, a)we win the game * If Nick buys skates, b)she will become a good sportswoman soon * If Tom wins the match, c)she will go in for swimming * If Cristine joins us, d)he will become a member of the national team * If Rachiel starts regular training, e)he will skate a lot during his winter holidaysB * When Andrew becomes rich and famous, a)she will be really tired * When Jane arrives, b)they will go to the swimming pool * When the children finish their homework, c)I will go in for sports * When the classes are over, d)he w ill buy a car * When I am free, e)the students will do a bit of skating Complete the sentences using the ideas from the brackets. The words in the word box can help you.As soon as, after, before, in case, if, on condition that, till(untill) * You’ll be allowed to join the group ( , ). * ( ), you’ll be under the spell of her fascination. * It will take you half an hour ( , ). * I won’t go anywhere ( , ). * ( ), she will be totally absorbed in it. * I won’t say a word ( , ). . How is Tom going to get to work tomorrow? He isn’t sure. If it’s rains, ___________________________ If it’s sunny, __________________________ 2. Where are you going to have lunch today? I’m not sure. If I’m not a hurry, ______________________ If I have some time, ____________________ 3. Where is Patty going to go after school today? She isn’t sure. If she has a lot of homework, _______________ If she doesn’t hav e a lot of homework____________________ 4. What are Mr. nd Mrs. Green going to do tonight? They aren’t sure. If they’re tired, __________________________ If they have some energy, __________________ 5. What’s Jane going to do tomorrow? She isn’t sure. If she still has a cold, _______________________ If she feels better, ____________________ 6. What’s Henry going to have for dessert this evening? He isn’t sure. If he decides to stay on his diet, _________________ If he decides to forget about his diet, _____________

African American Booker T Washington

Booker T. Washington was a man beyond words. He rose up from slavery, delivering speech after speech expressing his views on how to help raise America's view of the African American. He felt that knowledge was power, not just knowledge of â€Å"books†, but knowledge of agricultural and industrial trades. He felt that the African American would rise to be an equal in American society through hard work. Washington founded a school on these principles, and it became the world's leader in agricultural and industrial education for the Negro. He put his heart and soul into his school, Tuskegee Institute, and gained great respect from both the white and black communities. Many of the country's white leaders agreed with his principals, and so he had a great deal of support. Booker T. Washington cleared the way for the black community too fully enter the American society. Washington was born into slavery on April 5, 1856, in Franklin County, Virginia, on a small tobacco plantation. His only true relative was his mother, Jane, who was the plantation's cook. His father was thought to have been the white son of one of their neighbors. Washington spent his early years on the plantation. He did the small jobs, such as carrying water to the field hands and taking corn to the local mill for grinding. This hard work at an early age filled him the values he would teach for the rest of his life. Washington and his mom were freed after the civil war. His stepfather had escaped earlier, and had gotten a job in Malden, West Virginia, at a salt furnace, so Washington and his mother went to live with him. Life was tough in Malden. â€Å"Drinking, gambling, quarrels, fights, and shockingly immoral practices were frequent.† Washington himself got a job in the salt furnace and often had to go to work at four in the morning. Washington really wanted an education. A school for African Americans opened in Malden, but his stepfather would not let him leave work to attend. Washington wanted an education so bad that he arranged with the teachers to give him classes at night. Booker did not have a last name until he went to school. When he realized that all of the other children at the school had a ‘second' name, and the teacher asked him his, he invented the name Washington. Booker heard of a big school for African Americans in Hampton, Virginia, and he decided to go there. In 1872, he set out on the 500-mile journey to Hampton, traveling most of the way by foot. He was only 16 at this time too. When he finally arrived, he had to take an entrance exam that consisted of him sweeping the floor. He graduated with honors and returned to Malden. He then was asked to come back to Hampton to be an instructor. Then, soon after, the principal of Hampton received a letter from a group in Tuskegee, Alabama, asking for help in starting a school for African Americans there. They were expecting a white man, but when they got Washington, they were quite pleased with him. Washington founded The Tuskegee Institute in 1885. The school opened with 30 students. Tuskegee Institute and its facilities grew, and so did its courses in agricultural and engineering subjects. The Institute survived its early years only through the perseverance of Washington. Washington believed in the â€Å"dignity of labor.† He emphasized the teaching of â€Å"practical skills,† like brick making, carpentry and dairying for the boys, and cooking and sewing for the girls. He believed that African Americans must make economic progress, and learn how to make a living first. Booker is remembered and admired for his accomplishments. Of course his most famous being the Tuskegee Institute. Booker T. Washington is a perfect example that even if you came from nothing, you can accomplish great things if you try hard enough and are willing to make the sacrifice.

Biography of Wilbur Wright, Aviation Pioneer

Biography of Wilbur Wright, Aviation Pioneer Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) was one half of the aviation pioneering duo known as the Wright Brothers. Together with his brother Orville Wright, Wilbur Wright invented the first airplane to make the first manned and powered flight possible. Wilbur Wrights Early Life Wilbur Wright was born on April 16, 1867, in Millville, Indiana. He was the third child of Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Wright. After his birth, the family moved to Dayton, Ohio. Bishop Wright has in the habit of bringing his sons souvenirs from his church travels. One such souvenir was a whirling top toy, that sparked the Wright Brothers lifelong interest in flying machines. In 1884, Wilbur completed high school and the next year he attended special classes in Greek and trigonometry, however, a hockey accident and his mothers illness and death kept Wilbur Wright from finishing his college education. The Wright Brothers Early Career Ventures   On March 1, 1889, Orville Wright began publishing the short-lived West Side News, a weekly newspaper for West Dayton. Wilbur Wright was the editor and Orville was the printer and publisher. All his life, Wilbur Wright teamed with his brother Orville to develop various businesses and enterprises. Among the Wright Brothers various enterprises were a printing firm and a bicycle shop. Both of these ventures showcased their mechanical aptitude, business sense, and originality. The Pursuit of Flight Wilbur Wright was inspired by the work of German glider Otto Lilienthal, which  led to his desire to fly and his belief that manned flight was possible. Wilbur Wright read everything available on the then-new science of aviation- including all the Smithsonians technical papers on aviation- to study the projects of other aviators. Wilbur Wright thought of a novel solution to the problem of flight, which he described as a simple system that twisted, or warped the wings of a biplane, causing it to roll right and left. Wilbur Wright made history with the first-ever heavier-than-air, manned, powered flight in 1903. Wilbur Wrights Writings In 1901, Wilbur Wrights article, Angle of Incidence, was published in the Aeronautical Journal, and Die Wagerechte Lage Wahrend des Gleitfluges, was published in Ilustrierte Aeronautische Mitteilungen. These were the Wright Brothers first published writings on aviation. The same year, Wilbur Wright gave a speech to the Western Society of Engineers on the Wright Brothers gliding experiments. The Wrights First Flight On December 17, 1903,  Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first free, controlled, and sustained flights in a power-driven, heavier-than-air machine. The first flight was piloted by Orville Wright at 10:35 a.m., the plane stayed twelve seconds in the air and flew 120 feet. Wilbur Wright piloted the longest flight that day in the fourth test, fifty-nine seconds in the air and 852 feet. Wilbur Wrights Death In 1912 Wilbur Wright died after suffering from typhoid fever.

HRD assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

HRD assignment - Research Paper Example Evaluation is characterized as either formative or summative . Broadly , formative evaluation focuses on what leads to an intervention working, and summative evaluation, on the other hand, looks at specifically the short-term to long-term outcomes of an intervention on the groups targeted. Formative evaluation takes place before the project, and also during the project so as to improve the design of the project as it is being put into implementation. Formative evaluation is usually used in qualitative ways of inquiry. Summative evaluation is used during and after the project implementation, and it is associated with more decision, quantitative methods. The difference between formative and summative evaluation is blurred. Generally it is of paramount importance to have knowledge of how an intervention works, and also if it worked. It is thus important to capture and make assessment of both qualitative and quantitative data. Importance of Evaluation The first importance of evaluation i s that evaluation theories are a way of consolidating lessons learned, that is, of synthesizing prior experience. They help evaluators develop a more sophisticated and nuanced understanding of the way organizations make decisions and may be influenced by evaluation findings. Theories enable us to learn from the experience of others. Second, comparing evaluation theories are a useful way of identifying and better understanding the key areas of debate within the field. Comparative study of evaluation theory likewise helps crystallize what the unsettled issues are in practice. A third reason for studying evaluation theory is that the theory should be an important part of our identities as evaluators, both individually and collectively. If we think of ourselves in terms of our methodological skills, what is it that differentiates us from many other people with equal (or even superior) methodological expertise? Evaluation theory. But people come for evaluation through quite varied pathwa ys, many of which don’t involve explicit training in evaluation. That there are myriad pathways into evaluation is, of course, a source of great strength of the field, bringing a diversity of skills, opinions, knowledge sets, and so on (Schwandt 2002).. Types of evaluations Process Evaluation Process evaluations help stakeholders see how a program outcome or impact was achieved. Overemphasizing outcome evaluation of the cost of other types, especially process evaluation, is a disservice to nonprofits and the sector. This is because the process evaluation allows a nonprofit to look at how it develops itself, its structures, its supporting programs like communications and marketing, even fund development in order to get to the outcomes everyone wants it to achieve. In other words, process evaluations document the process of a program's implementation. Process evaluations help stakeholders see how a program outcome or impact was achieved. The focus of a process evaluation is on the types and quantities of services delivered, the beneficiaries of those services, the resources used to deliver the services, the practical problems encountered, and the ways it was handled. Taking process evaluation a step further, it can also look at the processes of program, management and  infrastructure together that is  the capacity of an organization to deliver on its promised outcomes. Approaches to

The Crucible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Crucible - Essay Example Mostly, the little lies are used to spice up the story or achieve a certain effect among the audience. There are various reasons for which people do lie. In many cases the lies are propagated to save certain situations or protect certain interests the individual lying may have. In some instances, people have lied even under oath. This paper seeks to delve into the reasons as to why people lie, even under an oath In the 1953 play by Arthur Miller, The Crucible, he depicts the Salem Witch Trials. The trials are carried out in such a way that the villagers’ testimonies determine the fate of the accused. Several innocent people meet their deaths courtesy of the testimonies. On the other hand, some guilty characters escape death as the villagers’ testimonies save them. Clearly, an accused person’s life balances on what the mob has to say of him or her. For those who get saved yet are guilty, lies do it for them. The villagers simply have to lie on the truth about them for their lives to be saved. Some innocent characters are however not as lucky. The villagers’ false affirmation to their participation in witchcraft leads them to their death. The villagers actually lie big time depending on whom they want to save or crucify. The accused also resort to lying in order to save themselves. Extreme behaviors occur during this time when life or death is made by the differenc e between treachery and truthfulness. Apparently, fear appears to be the reason behind the lying. The characters Abigail William, Mary Warren and John Proctor are the most deceiving. Abigail goes to great lengths to deceive Salem’s townspeople for her selfish gains. Questioned about dancing in company of the other girls in the woods, she puts the blame on Tituba. She quips, â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it!† (187). Apparently, she is willing to sacrifice Tituba’s life so that she can escape punishment. On the other hand, while Tituba

Social Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Social Security - Research Paper Example Many of them were abandoned by their siblings. Some elderly were found living in sidewalks asking for alms and a number of them died due to health problem. In 1932, the citizens were somehow relieved from the effects of the phenomenon when Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as president and introduced the New Deal programs (Rosenberg, n.d.). Few of the programs were aimed to help the farmers and lessen the unemployment rate across the country (Rosenberg, n.d.). Aiming to provide sustainable support and effective social security to the American nation, President Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act in 1935 (Social Security Administration [SSA], 2000). The legislation contained many provisions promoting the general welfare. Nonetheless, its most distinguishing feature was the social insurance program for retired employees aging at least sixty five years. The retirees were paid a continuing income right after they retire. The monthly benefits were planned to start in 1942 (S SA, 2000). In such case, the Social Security paid the retirees their benefits in lump-sum from 1937 to 1942. A retired motorman was the first retiree who received a lump-sum payment under the law (SSA, 2000). As a social legislation, the Social Security Act was designed to be adoptive to change. In the year 1939, it underwent a substantial amendment (SSA, 2000). The modification included two more benefits aside from the retirement benefits. The legislators added the dependents and survivors benefits. The former was made to benefit the spouse and minor children of the retired while the latter was for the family of the worker in case of premature death (SSA, 2000). In a sense, the amendment not only benefited the worker but also his or her family. As the economic situation of America began to regain strength, the amount of benefits to be received by the recipients was also increased. Moreover, the payment of monthly

Skills required for a successful health and safety practitioner Essay

Skills required for a successful health and safety practitioner - Essay Example Technical training also equips individuals with numerous other skills that enhance their success in the profession. Slide 3, Among such skills is communication. Health practitioners interact with their patients on numerous platforms. Such interactions require adequate communication. Among the most essential roles of a health practitioner is diagnosis a process that requires a patient to describe his feelings to a health practitioners (Patel and John 91). Slide 4, The health practitioners must understand the descriptions and make accurate diagnosis thus advising appropriate treatments. The need for effective communication skills commands proficiency in language. As the medium for communication, the health and safety practitioners must have the ability to speak the appropriate language and do so appropriately in order to enhance the effectiveness of the communication processes (Storey and Craig 21). Slide 6, Health and safety practitioners must understand relevant laws. Laws and codes of conduct are vital in the practice since they help curb the rise of legal tussles that may jeopardize the career of an individual. Ethical codes on the other hand influence the decisions that safety and health practitioners make thus ensuring that the practitioners uphold the values of a society (Stellman 55). Slide 7, The nature of the career requires the practitioners to make decisions urgently in order to overcome challenges. The conditions are always precarious and a decision can either save or lose a life. Despite such, the health and safety practitioners must always make such decisions and advise their patients appropriately. This requires the practitioners to have effective analytical skills in order to analyze their circumstances and device appropriate decisions to help overcome the

Tiny Encryption Algorithm Tea Computer Science Essay

Tiny Encryption Algorithm Tea Computer Science Essay Today, security is an issue concern by everyone. Many ways of implementing encryption algorithms have been investigated in order to achieve better performance in terms of security level, speed, power consumption and cost. This project will discuss about implementing Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). FPGA are reconfigurable chips that the integrated circuit is designed meant for reconfigurable architecture. A FPGA chips is programmed using Hardware Description Language (HDL). TEA is an encryption algorithm or block cipher that consider fast, easy and used for many application. In this project, TEA will be implemented on Altera Cyclone II FPGA using Altera DE1 Board. Keyboard using PS2 or the SWITCH on the DE1 will be used as input. The output of the encryption and decryption data will be show on VGA monitor. The encrypted data will be store in memory. Specific Objectives In order to complete this project, there are few objectives have to be archieve. Program the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) using verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) Verifying the functionality of the implementation of the encryption in FPGA Perform simulation for timing analysis and the encryption process on the implementation of Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) in FPGA Experiment and test the project in practical Literature Research Cryptography Before the modern era, security communication is the primary concern in Government and Military[2]. Security communication become more important today as a result of the increasing use of the electronic communication for many daily activities such as internet banking, online shopping. Cryptography is a practical way of conveying information securely [1]. The main aim of cryptography is to allow authorized person to receive the message correctly while preventing eavesdroppers understanding the content of the message [1]. The original message is called plaintext t[1]. Plaintext will be encrypted using certain algorithms in the secure system in order to hide the meaning[1]. The output of this reversible mathematical process is called ciphertext and the algorithm used in this process is called cipher [1]. Ciphertext can be transmitted securely because ideally eavesdroppers that access to the ciphertext wont understand what the meaning is behind [1]. The reverse of this mathematical proce ss is to decrypt the ciphertext back to plaintext and this only can be done by the original recipients [1]. The processes of encryption and decryption are shown in Figure 1. Eavesdropper Plaintext Encryption Ciphertext Plaintext Decryption Figure 1 Encryption There are two types of encryption or cipher depends on the key used: Asymmetric key and Symmetric key. Symmetric key The encryption and decryption process use the same key [1]. The major problems and drawback of this key both sender and receiver must know the key prior to the transmissions [1]. If the key is transmitted then it will compromise the systems security [1]. The advantages of symmetric key is the process of encryption and decryption will be faster compare to asymmetric key, in another words it can encrypt or decrypt more data in shorter period of time [1]. Asymmetric key The encryption and decryption process use different key but both of the key are related mathematically [1]. It is very hard to obtain one from the other although they are mathematically related [1]. The public key is used for the encryption process and the private key is used for the decryption process [1]. The security of the system wont be compromised even though the public key is made available but the corresponding private key cannot be revealed to anyone [1]. Symmetric key Symmetric key is further divided into two types: Symmetric Cipher and Block Cipher. Stream Cipher Stream cipher that generates a keystream (a sequence of bits used as a key) [4]. The encryption process is usually done by combining the keystream with plaintext using bitwise XOR operation [4]. Keystream that generated is independent of the plaintext and ciphertext is called synchronous stream cipher while keystream that is generated is depent of plaintext is called self-synchronizing stream cipher [4]. Block Cipher Stream cipher that generates a keystream encrypt fixed length block of plaintext into block ciphertext that is same length [3]. The fix length is called block size. Block Cipher using same secret key for the encryption and decryption process [3]. Usually, the size of block cipher is 64 bits [3]. By increasing the size of block cipher to 128 bits will make the processors become more sophisticated [3]. Stream Cipher vs Block Cipher Stream cipher is a type of symmetric encryption algorithm that can be designed to be exceptionally fast and even much faster compare to block cipher [4]. Stream ciphers normally process on less bits while block ciphers can process large blocks of data [4]. Plaintext that encrypted using block cipher will result in the same ciphertext when the same key is used [4]. With a stream cipher, the transformation of thse smaller plaintext units will vary depending on when they are encountered during the encryption process [4]. Stream Cipher Block Cipher Block Size Depends Fixed Encryption/Decryption Speed Fast Slower Size of block data can be process Small Larger Figure 2: Comparison of Stream Cipher and Block Cipher Figure 3 below shows different type of algorithm table.jpgFigure 3 :Different type of encryption algorithm Tiny Encryption Algorithm is implemented in this project because it is one type of cipher encryption algorithm that encrypt 64 bits of plaintext using a 128 bits of key into a 64 bits ciphertext. TEA Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a Feistel type routine designed by David J. Wheeler and Roger M. Needham. It used addition and subtraction as the reversible operators [5]. XOR and ADD alternately used in the routine provide nonlinearity [5]. The Dual bit shifting in the routine cause all the bits and data mixed repeatedly [5]. The three XOR, ADD and SHIFT operation will provide Shannons properties of diffusion and confusion necessary for a secure block cipher without the need for P-boxes and S-boxes [6]. TEA is a feistel cipher that split the plaintext into halves [7]. A sub key will be applied to the one half of plaintext in the round function, F [8]. Then the output of the F will be XOR with other half before the two halves are swapped [8]. All same patterns applied to the entire round except the last round where there is often no swap [8]. Figure 2 below show a Feistel cipher diagram where 64 bits of plaintext is divided into halves which are equally 32 bits each part. 128 bits of key is used for the encryption and decryption process and it is spitted into 32 bits subkey [7]. TEA.png Figure 4: Two Fiestal round(one cycle) of TEA The encryption and decryption routine of Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) written in C language [5]. void encrypt (uint32_t* v, uint32_t* k, uint32_t* v1) { uint32_t v0=v[0], sum=0, i; /* set up */ uint32_t delta=0x9e3779b9; /* a key schedule constant */ uint32_t k0=k[0], k1=k[1], k2=k[2], k3=k[3]; /* cache key */ for (i=0; i sum += delta; v0 += ((v1>5) + k1); v1 += ((v0>5) + k3); } /* end cycle */ v[0]=v0; v[1]=v1; } void decrypt (uint32_t* v, uint32_t* k, uint32_t* v1) { uint32_t v0=v[0], sum=0xC6EF3720, i; /* set up */ uint32_t delta=0x9e3779b9; /* a key schedule constant */ uint32_t k0=k[0], k1=k[1], k2=k[2], k3=k[3]; /* cache key */ for (i=0; i v1 -= ((v0>5) + k3); v0 -= ((v1>5) + k1); sum -= delta; } /* end cycle */ v[0]=v0; v[1]=v1; } [5] delta is derived from the golden number where delta = Architectures Untitled.jpg Figure 5: TEA architectures TEA is implemented using three different architectures. The first architecture (Figure 3a) is a multiple 32 bit adders that simultaneously perform operations needed for one encryption cycle [6]. This parallel form structure should be quite large in terms of hardware area but will perform faster [6]. On the other hands, in order to reduce the area, the second architecture (Figure 3b) performs operations sequentially using a single 32 bit adder [6]. The last design (Figure 3c) is a 8 bit digit-serial adders that use advance architecture offered by application-specific hardware solution [6]. The latter two design are meant for low area solutions but in terms of control and data selection, the effectiveness remain confirmed [6]. Software vs Hardware Implementation of Encryption Implementation of encryption using software is easier to design and upgrade, it also portable and flexible [7]. One of the major problems of software implementation is in most typical personal computer have external memory out from the processor, the external memory is used to store raw data or instruction in unencrypted form so if an attacker gain access to the system, the key can be easier obtained [7]. One of the most common way used by the attacker is bruteforce, a special program can be easily design to bruteforce the algorithm. Besides this, reverse engineering method easier to apply on software implementation. So it can be concluded that software implementation is lack of physical security[7]. Implementation of encryption using hardware by naturally is physically more secure as they are hard to read and view by attacker [7]. Another advantage of hardware implementation is all the data in the encryption process is correlated according to an algorithm which usually perform operation on same data [7]. This will prevent computer technique such as out of order execution and cause hang to the system [7]. Hardware implementation also tend to be more parallel so more orders of magnitudes can be done at certain period of time [7]. Hardware implementation is will be better choice for encryption in terms of performance but the cost of implementation is higher compare to software implementation. Higher security level and better performance is the main concern in this project, so the encryption will be implemented on FPGA, one of the hardware implementation method. Microcontroller, Microprocessor, DSP Processor and FPGA Microprocessor The first microprocessors invented in the 1970s [10]. This is the first time where such an amazing devices put a computer CPU onto a single IC [10]. The significant processing was available at rather low cost, in comparatively small space [10]. At beginning stage, all other functions, like input/output interfacing and memory were outside the microprocessor [10]. Gradually all the other functions in embedded into a single chip [10]. At the same time, microprocessor becoming more powerful in terms on the speed, power consumption and so on [10]. Microprocessor is moving rapidly from 8 bits to 32 bits [10]. Microcontroller A microcontroller is an inexpensive single-chip computer [9]. The entire computer system lies within the confines of the integrated circuit chip, so it is called a single chip computer [9]. The microcontroller on the encapsulated sliver of silicon has features similar to those personal computers [9]. Mainly, the microcontroller is able to store and run a program [9]. The microcontroller contains a CPU (central processing unit), ROM (random-access memory), RAM (random-access memory), Input/Output lines, and oscillator, serial and parallel ports [9]. Some more advanced microcontroller also have other built in peripherals such as A/D (analog-to-digital) converter [9]. DSP (Digital Signal Processing) Processor DSP processor is a specialized microprocessor optimized to process digital signal [12][13]. Most of the DSP processors are commonly designed to have basic features such as high performance, repetitive and numerically intensive tasks so DSP processor often have advantage in terms of speed, cost and energy efficiency [11]. DSP processor have the avility to perform one or more multiply accumulate operations (often called MACs) in a single instruction cycle [14]. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) Xilinx Co-Founders, Ross Freeman and Bernard Vonderschmitt, invented the first commercially viable field programmable gate array in 1985 the XC2064. FPGA is integrated circuit for reconfigurable purposes by user after manufacturer. FPGA is generally specified using Hardware Description language (HDL). FPGA can be programmed to perform logic function and due to this ability, FPGA become more popular. Using FPGA for design can lower non recurring Engineering cost and apply on many application. Hardware Architectures comparison The figure 6 below show the comparison of different architectures used for hardware implementation on encryption. Architecture Efficiency Performance Non recurring Engineering Cost Unit Cost Microprocessor Low Low Low Low Microcontroller Low Low Low Low DSP processor Moderate Moderate Low Moderate FPGA High High Low High Figure 6: Architectures Comparison Comparing the four architectures above, FPGA have the advantage in terms of the efficiency Performance but the unit cost is high. Since costing is not a major concern in this project, so FPGA is better choice for implementing Tiny Encryption Algorithm. Altera DE1 Development and Education Board Altera DE1 is a FPGA Development and Education Board that will be used for this project [17]. Below is the features of this board: DE1_intro_500x.png Figure 7: Altera DE1 Board Altera Cyclone II 2C20 FPGA with 20000 LEs Altera Serial Configuration deivices (EPCS4) for Cyclone II 2C20 USB Blaster built in on board for programming and user API controlling JTAG Mode and AS Mode are supported 8Mbyte (1M x 4 x 16) SDRAM 4Mbyte Flash Memory 512Kbyte(256Kx16) SRAM SD Card Socket 4 Push-button switches 10 DPDT switches 8 Green User LEDs 10 Red User LEDs 4 Seven-segment LED displays 50MHz oscillator ,24MHz oscillator ,27MHz oscillator and external clock sources 24-bit CD-Quality Audio CODEC with line-in, line-out, and microphone-in jacks VGA DAC (4-bit R-2R per channel) with VGA out connector RS-232 Transceiver and 9-pin connector PS/2 mouse/keyboard connector Two 40-pin Expansion Headers DE1 Lab CD-ROM which contains many examples with source code Size ¼Ã… ¡153*153 mm There are few features of DE1 Board will be used for this project. PS/2 mouse/keyboard connector PS/2 keyboard is used as input for the plaintext 4 Push button switches used as a reset button VGA DAC (4-bit R-2R per channel) with VGA out connector VGA monitor is connected to the DE1 board to show the input of plaintext and the output of the encryption, cipher text 4Mbyte Flash Memory Used to store the ciphertext VGA controller IBM introduce video display standard called VGA (video graphics array) in the late 1980s that widely supported by PC graphics hardware and monitors [18]. Figure 8: Simplified Block Diagram of VGA Controller The vga_sync circuit generates timing and synchronization signals [18]. The hsync and vsync signals are connected to the VGA port to control the horizontal and vertical scans of the monitor [18]. Two signals which are pixel_x and pixel_y are decoded from the internal counters [18]. The pixel_x and pixel_y signals indicate the relative positions of the scans and essentially specify the location of the current pixel [18]. Videl_on signal is generated from vga_sync to check whether the display is enable or disable [18]. The pixel generation circuit generate three video signal which is RGB signal [18]. The current coordinates of the pixel (pixel_x and pixel_y), external control and data signals determine the color value [18]. PS/2 Controller IBM introduced PS2 port in personal computers [18]. It is a widely used interface for keyboard and mouse to communicate with the host [18]. PS2 port consists of two wires for communication purposes [18]. One wire for transmitting data in serial stream while another wire is for the clock information which determine when the data is valid and can be retrieved [18]. The data is transmitted in 11 bit packet that contains 8 bits of data, an odd parity bit and stop bit [18]. Figure 9: Timing Diagram of a PS/2 port Quartus II Web Edition Quartus II Web Edition design software is a comprehensive environment available for system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) design developed by Altera [19]. This software is used in this project to program and implement the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) on Altera DE1 Cyclone II FPGA [19]. This program also can be used for the simulation and timing analysis [19]. Hardware Description Language (HDL) Hard description language (HDL) is a type of programming languages used to program and describe digital logic or electronic circuits [20]. It can describe circuit operation, its design and organization [20]. Figure 10 below shows different type of Hardware Description Language commonly used. HDL Syntax Similarity AHDL Ada programming Language VHDL Ada Programming Language JHDL Java Verilog C Programming Language Figure 10 : Different type of HDL Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) is used to program the FPGA in this project because it is a widely used HDL and it syntax is similar the C programming language. Methodology Block Diagram VGA Monitor PS/2 Keyboard VGA Controller Plaintext TEA Encryption Core Flash Memory 64 Bits Ciphertext PS/2 Controller Key 128 Bits 64 Bits Encryption/Decryption Acknowledge Key Update Request Busy Asynchronous Reset Clock Figure 11: Core Module The Blog Diagram above explains the design of this project. PS/2 keyboard used as input for the plaintext. All the data from the PS/2 keyboard will be sent into PS/2 controller to process. The processed data, 128 Bits or key or 64 Bits of plaintext will sent into the TEA encryption core for encryption. The output of the encryption, ciphertext will store inside the flash memory. All the plaintext and cipher text will send into VGA controller to process and show on the CRT monitor. The encryption/decryption will be connected to the DPDT switch to switch between encryption or decryption mode. Key Update Request also connected to the DPDT switch for the purpose of updating the key when the switch is on. Asynchronous reset is connected to the push button for the reset purpose. There are internal clock inside the DE1 board so no external clock is needed for this project. Algorithm and Implementation Verification The original Tiny Encryption Algorithm C source code by the author will be compiled or get a compiled executable program from other source to analyze the encryption of plaintext to ciphertext and decryption of ciphertext back to plaintext. A set of plaintext, ciphertext and key can generated from the program as a reference and compare with the encryption and decryption output implemented on FPGA. Figure 12 is an example of compiled executable program of Tiny Encryption Algorithm by Andreas Jonsson TEA.jpg Figure 12 Costing Estimation Components Quantity Price Altera De1 Board [17] 1 RM 512.84 Used 15 Samsung SyncMaster CRT monitor 1 RM50.00 Used PS/2 Keyboard 1 RM10.00 Total RM572.84 Gantt Chart ganchart.jpg Research analysis will be start from week 6 till week 8. Verilog coding on the implementation of TEA and module and test bench verification this 2 task must perform parallel because after finish a certain module, it should be test and simulate. If simulation or test is done after finish the whole coding, there will be a big problem in debugging the error. The synthesis of PS/2 keyboard, VGA monitor and FPGA start week 20 just before finish the coding. The functionality verification task also runs parallel with the synthesis optimization task. References and Figures Figures Figure 4: Tiny Encryption Algorithm .Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm (Accessed: 30 October 2009) Figure 5: Israsena. P, Design and Implementation of Low Power Hardware Encryption for Low Cost Secure RFID Using TEA . Information, Communications and Signal Processing, 2005 Fifth International Conference on 0-0 0 Page(s):1402 1406, DOI 10.1109/ICICS.2005.1689288. Available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=1689288isnumber=35625 (Accessed : 26 October 2009) Figure 7: Available at: http://www.terasic.com.tw/cgi-bin/page/archive.pl?Language=EnglishNo=83 ( Accessed : 28 October 2009) Figure 8: Pong P. Chu (2008) FPGA Prototyping by Verilog Examples :John Wiley Sons Figure 9: Pong P. Chu (2008) FPGA Prototyping by Verilog Examples :John Wiley Sons

Full-Day vs. Half-Day Kindergarten Essay -- essays papers

Full-Day vs. Half-Day Kindergarten Which is more effective? Abstract: This paper gives a brief history of kindergarten; where and why it was created. It describes both full-day and half-day programs, examines the advantages, and disadvantages of full-day and half-day kindergarten, and comes to a conclusion as to which program is more effective in educating the young. Kindergarten plays an important role in the growth, and development of a child. It is here that children begin the foundation for the rest of there education. Educators are constantly looking for ways to improve the kindergarten program for optimal success, however change never occurs easily. There is always some opposition; as in the case with the change from half-day to full-day kindergarten. After carefully researching the controversial topic I have been able to come to some conclusions, as to which program is more effective, and practical. However it is important to first look into where kindergarten all began. There is no denying the importance of the care and education of young children. That is why early childhood educators have been motivated for centuries to create high quality programs for the young. One of the most innovative and lasting programs that was created was German educator Friedrich Froebel’s concept of kindergarten. Froebel sought to develop a program that would stress the natural growth of children through play, and in 1837 he developed the first kindergarten (Froebel’s Kindergarten). Froebel believed that children after the age of three should be placed in the care of properly trained teachers for part of the day (A Comparison of the Reading Performance). In 1849 the training of kindergarten teachers began, and in the 1850’s kin... ...from Academic Search/ EBSCO database Kurtz, Jill. (2004, October 15). Starting School for Kindergarten Parents. Retrieved December 4, 2004, from http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/start/kday.htm Mathur, Sangeeta, Elicker, James (1997). What Do They Do All Day? Comprehensive Evaluation of a Full-Day Kindergarten. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 12(4), p.459 +. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from ERIC database Schubert, Ellen (1997). Half-day kindergarten perspective. [Electronic Version]. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 12(4) p.481+. Viadero, Debra (2002). Full-Day Kindergarten Boosts Academic Performance. Education Week, 21(31), p.14. Retrieved September 26, 2004, from Academic search/ EBSCO database Wood, Daniel B. (2004, January 28). Learning trend: Kindergarten becomes and all-day affair. Retrieved December 4, 2004, from http:www.matr.net/print-9643.html

Global Warming and Its Management Essay

Managers are the most important human resource in any organization because they are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the organizational goals are achieved within the specific time through a good business environment. Both organizations and people need each other to further their different goals or objectives. Therefore if mutuality is missing, it makes no sense in trying to assemble a group and develop a cooperation because there is no common base on which to build. Therefore, for attainment of organizational effectiveness, human resource and especially the managers is the most important asset that must be paid attention by the management. (Rampton, 2003) Causes of global climate change From this article we find that Dr Walker suggest that global climate change is not necessarily caused by the increased use of the fossil fuel, many scientists have been found to be against his arguments claiming that most of the global warming cases are caused by human activities apart from that caused by climatic changes, whereby we find that they reported that in the year 1998 the earth was found to be warmest as compared to the current years arguing that the carbon dioxide concentration is higher claiming that it has increased by over three percent, these scientists claim that a rise in the global warming is mainly caused by the following factors There have been heated political, religious, social and scientific arguments about what could be the causes of global warming. Scientifically, burning of fossil fuels such as petrol, coal, electricity, garbage disposal, and methane from reared animals’ e. g. dairy cattle, goats and sheep the atmosphere of the earth is everywhere and it includes the air we breathe. The earth’s surface, water, land, and the whole biosphere absorb the heat from the sun after which it sends it back to the atmosphere. However, some of the sunlight energy passes back to the space while a good percentage is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere thus causing the earth to heat up. (Maslin, 2004) From the article we find that Dr Walker says that most of the green house gas effects are brought up by the existing water vapor and the carbon dioxide resulting from the human activities he is reported saying that â€Å"the anthropogenic carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere makes an insignificant contribution to the enhanced greenhouse gas effect’ research indicates that many scientists are against the Doctors ideas are incorrect they bring in the idea that in the cases where there is an increase in the concentration of the carbon dioxide with the combination of the other green house gases will actually lead to an increase to the amount of vapour in the atmosphere and since scientifically vapour is found to be a strong green house gas cause an increase in the atmospheric temperature which is regarded as a positive effect to the atmospheric change. This vapour also leads to the formation of cloudiness which brings in cooling effect to the atmospheric temperate which many scientists regard it as a negative effect. The article indicates that eighty five percent of the global temperatures come up as a result the emission of the green house gases while fifteen percent of the temperature is caused by other factors Planning and Controlling Functions This paper will focus on the planning and controlling functions of management and how managers can utilize such functions to reduce the effects of changing climate in the business world. As Dr. Len walker puts it; â€Å"cool heads needed on global warming† (Paul, 2007). There have been heated political, religious, social and scientific arguments about what could be the causes of global warming. Scientifically, burning of fossil fuels such as petrol, coal, electricity, garbage disposal, and methane from reared animals’ e. g. dairy cattle, goats and sheep affects the atmosphere of the earth everywhere and it includes the air we breathe. The earth’s surface, water, land, and the whole biosphere absorb the heat from the sun after which it sends it back to the atmosphere. However, some of the sunlight energy passes back to the space while a good percentage is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere thus causing the earth to heat up. It is prudent therefore for managers to put in place plan of actions that will ensure the economic growth of their businesses despite the negative effects of global warming. Therefore such scenarios necessitates the willpower and the knowledge of planning and controlling management activities from the current managers in order to avoid adverse effects caused by changing climate. (Hilltop, 1994) According to the latest research, reports suggest that managers have a discrete and decisive function in all organizations particularly in the debate on global warming and they do not only act as a medium between the top managers and the external bodies such as the UN. Managers in many organizations in an effort to be effective and efficient in the understanding of global warming effects have the planning responsibility of balancing the ever competing demands of their roles brought about by effects of changing climate in the world. In order to attain the above objective this managers have embarked on planning and controlling roles in order to avoid any unwanted outcome as a result of changing climate and thus achieve the desired output. Such roles include the following Managers in most organizations through the overall controlling function act as change agents within these organizations. There is increased interaction of people from different cultures, societies, and various backgrounds in undertaking various business activities with the aim of achieving their goals for example opening of more branches that has effects on the business environment . e. g through pollution. Because of invention of advanced technology the world has increasingly become a village and as a result global business is the modern form of business in this 21st century. Therefore managers are expected to strategize on the best controlling measures of changing climate in order to change the business activities to the desired levels that do not further effects of global warming. (Rampton, 2003) Because of globalization in relation to business firms there have been great disregard to national borders, governments have lower hand in controlling the flow of their economies and large companies including organizations are now not restricted to only one particular country as it was before. Managers in these organizations through the planning function have to cope with changes brought about by this aspect of globalization particularly on the issues relating to garbage and sewerage treatment. This implies that mangers have to incorporate the desired actions in the planning process in order to curb the changing climate that may affect the success of businesses in the future. They also have the task of ensuring that the employees in the organizations are well equipped with skills, expertise, and knowledge that can help understand the effects of global warming. Middle managers have the planning duty of being a strategist in order to cope with the increasing demands particularly with regards to the effects of global warming on success of an organization. This implies that they have the tasks of ensuring that the strategies formulated by the organization are implemented and executed in a good way that will lead to decreasing the effects of global warming. They should therefore have the ability to interpret direction from the external bodies like the United Nations in to functional departmental strategies and policies that will avoid any conflicts in the organization and those plans must be viable and supportive for the mission of the organization regarding changing in climate. (Maundy, 2001) In order to enhance this responsibility’ the managers must pay much attention to formulation of workable strategies. A strategy may be defined as the calculated means by which the enterprise deploys its resources to accomplish its purpose and basic objectives under the most advantageous circumstances. Therefore the mangers have the task of ensuring that the organization for example a multinational firm must be overall low cost effective system which will ensure good systems of controlling pollution, sewerage and garbage treatment among other climate effects by using of advanced technologies. So the work of middle managers is to ensure sourcing of competent expertise and application of approved high quality technologies e. g. the use of approved chemicals in treating of sewerages. This implies that planning and controlling functions will be required by managers in order to enhance formulation of viable strategies as well as setting parameters on how such strategies are controlled. Managers must also act at as ethicists in any organization in order to balance the competing demands brought about by the effects of global warming. This role implies that the managers should develop a system that will help them sustain pressure from external forces in the process of promoting positive effects of global warming. This implies managers must show commitment, support and cooperation among the top management, low level management or the subordinates and themselves regarding the controlling of effects of climate changes. For these managers to maximize the concept of teamwork in the organization then they should emphasize on formation of groups within the workplace. A group can be defined as social unit which people interacts face to face when working. If an organization emphasizes group work then it is more likely that good results will be achieved. Sometimes some kind of work require teamwork participation in order to achieve goals, so managers should encourage group decisions too because they bound to succeed unlike individual decisions. This may involve planning function of coming up with ideas regarding making decisions jointly concerning how to curb the effects of global warming. (Maundy, 2001) Economic Effects The economic implications of global climate change are worse since these weather phenomenons occur unpredictably. Insurance companies for example have a lot to loose when a weather condition such as the El Nino damage property and businesses which makes it not only difficult to compensate but also expensive to cater for. Economic implications are considered to be harsh for third world countries as compared to developed countries because they lack the capacity to counter such disasters of big magnitudes. The other sector of the economy affected by global warming is the transport sector. Most of the infrastructure in Indonesia and India has collapsed as an outcome of these disasters thus making it very expensive for the countries to repair and maintain them. Agricultural production being dependant on weather conditions of a particular place is under threat from global warming. Countries in the Islands such as Madagascar produce very little agricultural produce not because they lack the water but because the conditions there are very uncertain and also harsh such that only greenhouses can produce well.