Current Technology And Future Trends Computer Science Essay

Current Technology And Future Trends Computer Science Essay Server virtualization is the masking of server resources including the number and identity of individual physical servers, processors, and operating systems from server users. The intention is to spare the user from having to understand and manage complicated details of server resources while increasing resource sharing and utilization and maintaining the capacity to expand later. Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run concurrently on a single computer; it is a means of separating hardware from a single operating system. Each â€Å"guest† OS is managed by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), also known as a hypervisor which is computer software/hardware platform virtualization software that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer concurrently. Because the virtualization system sits between the guest and the hardware, it can control the guests use of CPU, memory, and storage, even allowing a guest OS to migrate from one machine to another. Virtualization is a modified solution between centralized and decentralized deployments. Instead of purchasing and maintaining an entire computer for one application, each application can be given its own operating system, and all those operating systems can reside on a single piece of hardware. This provides the benefits of decentralization, like security and stability, while making the most of a machines resources. Advantages of Virtualization Zero downtime maintenance Freedom from vendor-imposed upgrade cycles Instant provisioning Pooling hardware resource Virtual hardware supports legacy operating systems efficiently Dynamic resource sharing Security and fault isolation Business continuity, backups, and automated restoration Examples of Productivity Using Virtualization When to use Virtualization As virtualization disentangles the operating system from the hardware, a number of very useful new tools become available. Virtualization allows an operator to control a guest operating systems use of CPU, memory, storage, and other resources, so each guest receives only the resources that it needs. This distribution eliminates the danger of a single runaway process consuming all available memory or CPU. It also helps IT staff to satisfy service level requirements for specific applications. Since the guest is not bound to the hardware, it also becomes possible to dynamically move an operating system from one physical machine to another. As a particular guest OS begins to consume more resources during a peak period, operators can move the offending guest to another server with less demand. This kind of flexibility changes traditional notions of server provisioning and capacity planning. With virtualized deployments, it is possible to treat computing resources like CPU, memory, and sto rage as a hangar of resources and applications can easily relocate to receive the resources they need at that time. Components of Virtual Infrastructure Bare-metal hypervisors to enable full virtualization of each x86 computer. Virtual infrastructure services such as resource management and consolidated backup to optimize available resources among virtual machines Automation solutions that provide special capabilities to optimize a particular IT process such as provisioning or disaster recovery. Physical to Virtual Server Migration Any respectable virtualization solution will offer some kind of P2V (Physical to Virtual) migration tool. The P2V tool will take an existing physical server and make a virtual hard drive image of that server with the necessary modifications to the driver stack so that the server will boot up and run as a virtual server. The benefit of this is that you dont need to rebuild your servers and manually reconfigure them as a virtual server—you simply suck them in with the entire server configuration intact! So if you have a data center full of aging servers running on sub-GHz servers, these are the perfect candidates for P2V migration. You dont even need to worry about license acquisition costs because the licenses are already paid for. You could literally take a room with 128 sub-GHz legacy servers and put them into eight 1U dual-socket quad-core servers with dual-Gigabit Ethernet and two independent iSCSI storage arrays all connected via a Gigabit Ethernet switch. The annual hardware maintenance costs alone on the old server hardware would be enough to pay for all of the new hardware! Just imagine how clean your server room would look after such a migration. It would all fit inside of one rack and give you lots of room to grow. As an added bonus of virtualization, you get a disaster recovery plan because the virtualized images can be used to instantly recover all your servers. Ask yourself what would happen now if your legacy server died. Do you even remember how to rebuild and reconfigure all of your servers from scratch? (Im guessing youre cringing right about now.) With virtualization, you can recover that Active Directory and Exchange Server in less than an hour by rebuilding the virtual server from the P2V image. Software Automation Solutions for Virtualization These are the few platform virtualization and software providers in the market on which organizations rely upon.  »Ã‚ »VMWare  »Ã‚ »RightScale  »Ã‚ »eNomaly  »Ã‚ »Force.com  »Ã‚ »Gigaspaces  »Ã‚ »Citrix  »Ã‚ »Xen  »Ã‚ »Microsoft Virtualization  »Ã‚ »Sun VirtualBox  »Ã‚ »IBM PowerVM  »Ã‚ » Hewlett-Packard Integrity Virtual Machines (Integrity VM). Future Trends in field of Virtualization Virtualization has significant cost benefits for organizations: server consolidation can yield a saving of  £2 million over three years for an organization running 250 dual-core servers; and a power saving in the order of  £78,000 per 1,000 PCs per year can be realized by moving from a full desktop PCs infrastructure to a server-hosted desktop virtualization solution. The market for virtualization management solutions will be the most innovative and, potentially, lucrative in the near future. Financial analysts estimate the market for IT virtualization could be worth over $19 billion. As many as 16 million desktops could be virtualized by 2011. The virtualization infrastructure management (VIM) market is undoubtedly going to be the most lucrative aspect of IT virtualization in the longer term, and so is perhaps the most dynamic and active part of the virtualization scene References: Emerging trends and the evolving vendor landscape By Victoria Furness Introduction to server virtualization by George Ou www.microsoft.com

Distinction between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay

Microeconomics is the study of individual economic units of an economy whereas macroeconomics is the study of aggregates of an economy as a whole. For example, when we study of an individual sugar mill manufacturing sugar, our study is micro analysis but if we study the entire sugar manufacturing sector of the economy, our study is macro analysis. Also please note if we study the problem of production of a firm, our analysis is micro study but if we study the problems of production of the whole economy, our analysis is macro study. Both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are inter-dependent and complementary. The main difference between the Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are as follows: Microeconomics Macroeconomics 1. It is the study of individual economic units of an economy It is the study of economy as a whole and its aggregates. 2. It deals with individual income, individual prices and individual output, etc. It deals with aggregates like national income, general price level and national output, etc. 3. Its Central problem is price determination and allocation of resources. Its central problem is determination of level of income and employment. 4. Its main tools are demand and suply of a particular commodity/factor. Its main tools are aggregate demand and aggregate supply of economy as a whole. 5. It helps to solve the central problem of what, how and for whom to produce in the economy It helps to solve the central problem of full employment of resources in the economy. 6. It discusses how equilibrium of a consumer, a producer or an industry is attained. It is concerned with the determination of equilibrium level of incoem and employment of the economy. 7. Price is the main determinant of microeconomic problems. Income is the major determinant of macroeconomic problems. 8. Examples are: individual income, individual savings, price determination of a commodity, individual firm’s output, consumer’s equilibrium. Examples  are: National income, national savings, general price level, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, poverty, unemployment etc.

Agile Project Management As A Method For More Effectively...

Thesis Statement This paper defines and describes agile project management as a method for more effectively managing and completing projects. This paper provides a general overview and introduction to the concepts of agile project management and the Scrum methodology in particular. Benefits of application of agile project management to more traditional approaches in project management will be examined in this paper. This paper will make an effort to look at everything that is right and also everything that is wrong with agile based on real implementations in companies. This paper provides a general overview and introduction to the concepts of agile project management and the Scrum methodology in particular and how agile can be used for IT†¦show more content†¦Project management also gives opportunities to expand services. In this paper, we are going to analyze the most widely known method of project management; agile project management. Agile has gained an enormous amount of popularity in the world of software development over the last few years due to benefits like increased business value and faster ROI, improved visibility and lower development costs, greater ability to respond to requested changes and decreased risk in solution delivery. The Agile Method ensures that value is optimized throughout the development process. The use of iterative planning and feedback results in teams that can continuously align a delivered product that reflects the desired needs of a client. It easily adapts to changing requirements throughout the process by measuring and evaluating the status of a project. The measuring and evaluating allows accurate and early visibility into the progress of each project. We will be comparing and contrasting the agile project management with the traditional project management in this paper. Traditional Project Management is a step-by-step approach of managing the project. Traditional approach is more appropriate for projects with clea r initial user requirements and with clear project goals, on the other hand, agile project management approach is intended before all to the creative, innovative projects, such

Robins Robins Case note - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1208 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Robins Robins Indemnity can be described as an obligation of making good any liability, damage or loss incurred by another party. In indemnity, one party to the contract holds the other party to the contract harmless for some damage or loss. In this case, the first defense Casings, Inc. will have is that there was a clause in the contract indemnifying it from defects beyond the cost of the supplied parts. Therefore, Casings, Inc. can argue that they are only liable to the extent of the supply they made to Robins Robins and not to the extent of the consumers of the products. The second defense will be that Robins Robins entered into a contract with Casings, Inc. willingly without being coerced and they read all the clauses in the contract and were in agreement with them before signing the contract. This means that they were aware of this clause and they were comfortable with it hence going against it will amount to breach of contract. A contract is an agre ement that is legally enforceable between two parties or more with mutual obligations. Damages is the remedy that exists at law for breaching a contract. The other remedy is monetary compensation. In equity, an injunction or specific performance of the contract, are the remedies. Both the law and equitable remedies award the party that is damaged the benefit of the contract bargain or expectation damages. These damages are greater than simple reliance damages, like in promissory estoppels. The facts of this case are that when Casings, Inc. and Robins Robins contracted, they ensured that the stated in Section 14B that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the remedy for defects in supplies shall be limited to the cost of the parts suppliedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Vitiating factors, which constitute defenses to the purported formation of the contract include, duress and unconscionability. The fact that the products of Casings, Inc. are damaged makes the contract unconscionable. Robins Robins company has a rig ht of mitigating the damages caused to the company. The company can also sue for undue influence due to the clause 14B.2.a that was inserted in the contract, frustration of purpose or misrepresentation. Any ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s validity can be determined upon petitioning for a declaratory judgment directed to the Court upon being alleged that the particular rule, either interferes with, impairs, immediately threatens to impair or interfere with, the privileges or the legal rights of the petitioner. Robins Robins can argue on this ground because the rule applies to it retroactively hence interfering with its privileges and legal rights. They can also argue that the FDA acted unconstitutionally because they imposed a retroactive rule that was only applicable to Robins Robins hence it was discriminatory. Another ground for challenging a regulation of an agency involves a requirement that a regulation can cease to apply if there was no application of the APAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s public input or comment, publication and notice, requirements by the agency. The procedures for making rules should be adhered to in order for the process of regulation and the rules resulting to be valid. An agency seeking public comment for drafting of legislation purpose cannot then change the legislation into a rule subsequent to the comment period. In this case, Robins Robins can argue that the agency did not follow due process in making the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tracking barà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  requirement applicable to them. There was no public input or comment, there was no publication and there was no notice before the implementation of the order by the FDA. Two major theories that would be applicable to this case are the negligence theory and the tort liability theory. A case against Robins Robins, the strict tort liability in 402A would be applicable because Robins Robins Company, the seller, sold a product that caused harm to customers. This liability will still stand regar dless of the existence of contractual limitations indemnifying the seller and regardless of the seller taking the necessary precautions and measures. In supporting this case, it would be essential to present the children and all the people affected by the products and those who perished as a result of the inadequate tests of the drugs by Robins Robins and defective manufacturing. Due to the very strong nature of the case against Robins Robins, they might not be able to have a defense for the suit against them. However, Robins Robins can argue that there was contributory negligence by Casings, Inc. because they were involved in supplying the products to Robins Robins. Therefore, Robins Robins can make a claim of contributory negligence against Casings, Inc. A case of negligence can be filed against the FDA. This is because their actions led to people being exposed to harm. They owe the public a duty to protect them from harmful products from various companies. They had a d uty to subject Robins Robins to the tracking bar rule in order for the safety of the consumers and the general public. The FDA can also be held liable for the acts of their employee who was bribed. However, the FDA can argue that the employee was acting on his own behalf and not on behalf of the FDA. This defense might not succeed because the employee is liable criminally but professionally, the FDA is liable for his actions because it has control over its employees. For Casings, Inc., a case of contributory negligence can be instituted against them. This is because they were the producers of the products that caused harm to the consumers. Despite the fact that they were not the direct suppliers of the products, they contributed in the negligence which led to many people becoming sick and others dying, Casings, Inc. will not have a defense against this suit. After taking the civic comments, the FDA will propagate the absolute regulation. Then, whichever interested party has t he ability to dispute the regulation legitimacy within court. The party has an extremely intricate burden to meet, and the party would probably fail. A party can dispute a regulation given that it is subjective and capricious. This needs the bureau to provide substantiation that supports the anticipated regulation. The second way to dispute a regulation is by claiming that the rule is outside the bureau authority. It is difficult to substantiate since the majority of bureaus stay inside authority set for them within their facilitating acts. If Robins did not take part within the comments, then the situation would be different. The exhaustion of solutions to a predicament needs that every existing step be pursued within the bureauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s procedures prior to taking legal action. These regulations are important to prevent court overloading with queries that may not even be arguments by when the bureaus conclude what their closing orders or verdicts will be. Works Cited FDA+UPC tracking bars lobbying against UPC tracking bars Contributory negligence+indemnification from suits+for attorneys fees, and for punitive damages. Widener Law Review. Wilmington, Del: Widener University School of Law, 2003. Print. Top of Form Bruner, Philip L.Managing and Litigating the Complex Surety Case. Chicago, Ill.: Tort and Insurance Practice Section, American Bar Association, 2007. Print. Bottom of Form Sanbar, Shafeek S.Legal Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby, 2004. Print. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Robins Robins Case note" essay for you Create order