Triggers of Domestic Violence Attacks

Triggers of Domestic Violence Attacks Relationships Violence and Abuse Print Common Triggers of Domestic Violence Attacks By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on October 04, 2019 Kittisak Jirasittichai / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Drug and alcohol use has long been linked to domestic violence, but the exact role of substance abuse plays in triggering violent events is not clear. The general consensus seems to be that alcohol and drug use may act as a catalyst in escalating conflicts into a violent outburst but isnt the actual cause of the behavior. Alcohol can play a part in domestic violence because it can impair the abusers judgment, reduce inhibition and increase aggression. There have been many studies done on the relationship between alcohol abuse and domestic violence and the prevalence of alcohol abuse during a violent episode has been reported from 25 percent to 80 percent. But there is no scientific evidence indicating a cause-and-effect relationship between substance abuse and intimate partner violence. What Can Trigger Domestic Abuse? What then does trigger violent episodes among intimate partners? What does cause a perpetrator to launch a violent attack? A new approach to researching domestic abusers and their victims may be the key to finding the most common trigger for a violent episode. By listening to actual telephone conversations between perpetrators who have been incarcerated for felony domestic violence (violence that resulted in serious injury) and their victims, researchers have been able to determine exactly what triggered the violent episodes. Julianna Nemeth and other researchers at Ohio State University listened to hours of audio recordings of telephone conversations between male abusers who were in jail and their female victims. The researchers were trying to determine the immediate precursor of the violent episode -- the one thing that happened right before the violence, she wrote. Accusations of Sexual Infidelity What the researchers found was that violence most often followed an accusation of sexual infidelity made by one or both of the intimate partners. Drug and alcohol use was often involved in these incidents, but not always. Previous research has shown that sexual jealousy played a role in domestic abuse, but the Ohio State scientists were surprised to find that this particular type of jealousyâ€"infidelity accusationsâ€"was the trigger that most often initiated the violence. Other studies have found that even when subjects are intoxicated, some still do not become violent or aggressive unless they feel threatened or provoked. Suspicion of infidelity could certainly provoke feelings of being threatened. Other Relationship Stressors I have worked in domestic violence intervention for many years, but still the findings shocked me, lead author Nemeth wrote. We never knew that it was the accusation of infidelity that tended to trigger the violence. Along with the accusation of infidelity as the main trigger for a violent outburst, the telephone conversations reveal a variety of other relationship stressors that also contributed to the intimate partner abuse. They include: A long-running dispute about infidelity in nearly every relationship.Chronic drug and alcohol abuse, which escalated arguments into violence.Untreated mental health issuesâ€"depression, preoccupation with suicide. A Red Flag for Violence The Ohio State researchers concluded that counselors and advocates working with domestic abuse victims who are trying to assess how much danger the victim may be in should ask specifically if accusations of sexual infidelity have been discussed by the couple. It is a red flag that the relationship may be volatile, they wrote. They also suggested that healthcare providers working with abuse victims should also screen for drug and alcohol abuse as well as mental health issues. Get the Help You Need Previous studies have also recommended linking substance abuse and domestic violence services. Although there are different opinions about what role drug and alcohol abuse plays in intimate partner violence, research has shown that providing substance abuse and domestic abuse services together can have a positive impact on ending the abuse. If you or someone you know is it a relationship in which there have been accusations of sexual infidelity and in which there is some form of drug or alcohol abuse, please seek help. There is assistance available in your area.

The Vietnam War And The United States - 2269 Words

The Vietnam War or the Second Indochina War began in 1955 or ten years after World War 2. The United States direct involvement in the war started in 1964 and extended through 1973 but its indirect involvement started much earlier. At the end of the Second World War the United States and the Soviet Union were recognized as the two greatest military powers in the world. As the Soviet Union expanded their influence over Eastern Europe in countries including Bulgaria, East Germany, and China turned to communism and the United States grew concerned with the expansion of communism and its potential impact on the democratic nations of the world. Similarly the Soviet Union was concerned with the economic and military strength of the United†¦show more content†¦To understand the origins of the Vietnam War we must go back to the period prior to 1954 which was when Vietnam was a French colony. The French had colonized the South Asia areas of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam in the late 188 0’s as part of their vast colonization movement. The French had justified this colonization movement by creating an ideology to support their expansion goals. This ideology was called â€Å"mission civilisatrice† which means civilizing mission in English. They felt that certain areas of the world were undeveloped and uncivilized and as such they required the oversight and management of France to help bring them modern ideas and social reforms. As a result of this expansion by France the country of Vietnam became a colony of France along with other locations. The area eventually controlled by the French was referred to as French Indochina. During World War II the Japanese took control of the Vietnam area from the French as the Japanese tried to expand their grasp on the region. The local Vietnamese rebelled against the Japanese control which was much harsher than the control the French had exerted. In an effort to weaken the Japanese during World War II the United States started to support the communist rebels in Vietnam who were referred to as the Viet Minh. The United States gave supplies and supposedly made the promise of independence to the rebels who were

Common Core State Standards Initiative Caught Parents And...

Common Core: A Worthy Opponent INTRODUCTION: Common Core State Standards Initiative caught parents and teachers off guard alike. Not many truly understand that concerns, consequences, and underlying issues that surround Common Core. It wasn’t until children were venting their concerns, teachers were frustrated with the statistics undermining their duties, and parents questioning Common Core’s teaching practices – that Common Core was put under the spotlight. An educational reconstruction sponsored by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers sought out to establish a unified education standard that would detail what K-12 students were to know in English and Math alike. Common Core’s mission is to†¦show more content†¦It should be greatly noted that the involvement of corporate America has made its stance in education through the use of this non-profit organization. A notable organization created by Bill Gates, â€Å"Bill Melinda Gates Foundation†, has played an extensive role in elevating Common Core’s standards. In-fact the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation has given 37 grants in 2015 alone, totaling in over 42 million dollars, in an effort to implement and promote Common Core (Strauss, 2015). Beginning in 2009, when Achieve had partnered with the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers to draft the Common Core standards, the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation had invested nearly $10 million in grants alone that year. Many do criticize Gate’s involvement in Common Core, some teacher groups even questioning Gate’s motives. Critics even piling up saying Microsoft benefits from Common Core’s use of technology and data collection, but that’s something Bill Gates denies himself. In an interview with Lyndsey Layton, Bill Gates had repeatedly renounced his position in saying â€Å"There’s no connection. There’s no connection to Common Core and any Microsoft thing† (Owens, 2014). But with a multitude of large companies being involved in the development

1st and 2nd Peter Free Essays

1st and 2nd Peter The Christians around the time I Peter was written were undergoing some intense persecution. Socially they were shunned, abused, insulted and ridiculed, and Peter realized that the circumstances were getting worse. Nero was Emperor of Rome during the time I Peter was written. We will write a custom essay sample on 1st and 2nd Peter or any similar topic only for you Order Now He oversaw the persecutions of Christians. Peter wrote this letter to offer encouragement to Christians suffering this persecution. (I Peter 2:18-20) As a result the church in Jerusalem was being scattered throughout Asia Minor. Some of the ways Christians were being persecution during Nero’s time were, being nailed to crosses or sewn up in the skins of wild beasts and left in the sun to die a horrible and painful death. They were used as torches to illumine Nero’s parties. Through this time it was Peter who reminded them that Jesus has set an example for everyone and that although there is much suffering on Earth, they are promised an imperishable inheritance in heaven. It states in I Peter 2:21-23 that â€Å"this suffering is all part of what God has called to you. Christ, who suffered for you, is your example. Follow in his steps. He never sinned, and he never deceived anyone. He did not retaliate when he was insulted. When he suffered, he did not threaten to get even. He left his case in the hands of God, who always judges fairly. † That is what the letter rejoices. Although the Christians wanted so bad to get even with Emperor Nero and his people, they stayed humble, and pulled through their suffering (I Peter 3:9). The author calls Christians to be holy as God is holy, for they are a royal priesthood, a holy nation, and God’s chosen people. In the Bible it does state that as a Christian you have decided to not go back to the evil desires such as immorality and lust, feasting and drinking and wild parties and worshipping other idols, but you will be anxious to do the will of God (I Peter 4:2-3). The Bible says that there will be people who are surprised that you don’t participate in their wicked ways and they will say evil things about you and torture you (I Peter 4:4-5). This is much like the Christians during the time of Nero. Nero didn’t understand why Christians didn’t believe and worshiped like his people did, therefore he completely rejected their ideas and put them through a lot of torment. One reason for their persecution was their life-style as aliens and foreigners in the heathen culture. Peter wanted Christians to know that, yes, we as Christians are aliens and foreigners not only to Rome but also to this world. We are only visitors here, and in our short time we have here we must live and glorify God in everyway possible (I Peter 1:17 1Peter2:11). Nero is described to be fair- haired, with weak blue eyes, a rather large neck, and a potbelly. He came off to have a very strange mixture of absurdity. Nero was artistic, weak, sensual, bi-sexual, aggressive, extravagant, and later in life rather disturbed. Early on in his ruling, Nero came across as very a civilized person. He gave the senate more freedom and considered ending the murder of criminals and gladiators in the arenas, he made city wide reforms and was very upset that the law required him to put 300 slaves to death over the fact that their master, a powerful senator, was poisoned by them. Many historians report that he was very reluctant to do it. Later on in his ruling he became absolutely obsessed with the arts, recreation, and sexual desires. He had many affairs and began to go about his evil ways once his mother began spreading rumors. The main reason Nero persecuted the Christians was because of something that happened during the burning of his city. It was around 64 A. D. when the Great Fire of Rome took place. Rome had 14 different districts and only 4 of them remained untouched. The fire burned for a total of 6 days and 6 nights. At that time, people started a lot of rumors about Nero, saying that he â€Å"fiddled while Rome burned† and this rumor spread throughout Rome, creating other rumors. People believed that Nero was the one who started the fire so that he could totally wipe out Rome and start a new city named after him in its place, also that he could build a better palace. Nero didn’t like the fact that people were spreading rumors about him so he decided he needed a scapegoat to blame the fire on. He chose the Christians. Nero’s attempt to use them to take all of the blame off of him failed. Everyone turned against him after this tragic event and the senate decided that he should be flogged to death. But instead of going through this humiliation, he made the decision to commit suicide. He died in 68 A. D. and during his 14 years he managed to establish a bloody reign of terror and to the world he will always be remembered as an insane tyrant. The culture around the time of Nero was rather interesting. Much of the furniture they used was couches, not too many chairs, and they almost always reclined even at the dinner table. The most popular room was the lavatory were there were rows of toilets with arm rests were people would sit and talk for an hour or more. Baths were equivalent to that of a modern day athletic club. There were several rooms including the sweat room and the warm room where sweat was scraped off by slaves because soap was unknown. Foot races, boxing, and wrestling were minor sports in this era but chariot racing and gladiator contests where the most amusing to watch. These events tie in to the persecution theme of I Peter. When Emperor Nero decided to blame the Christians for the burning, he threw them in to the arena and made them face gladiators and wild animals, killing them. Peter says that we should expect ridicule, rejection and suffering and that persecution makes us stronger because it refines our faith (I Peter 2:21-25). Nero completely rejected the idea of family. After his stepfather adopted him, he was engaged to his stepsister Octavia, and after awhile he became involved with a woman named Acte. As he became even more lustful, he began having an affair with another woman and his mother got enraged and sided with Octavia. He then attempted to kill his mother, more than once it was said. He tried poisoning her 3 times, he also tried to murder her by loosening her ceiling on a boat and almost drowning her but she managed to escape. After his failing attempts, he then hired an assassin who clubbed and stabbed her to her death in 59 A. D. Peter truly encouraged the idea of family life in the fact that he urged all family members to treat other with sympathy, love, tenderness and humility (I Peter Chapter 3). Finally, the theme that is found mostly in II Peter is the false teachings. One of the reasons that Nero persecuted almost all the Christians was that fact that they didn’t conform to the heathen culture that he encouraged during his reign. Heathen culture emphasize the importance of relationships with gods and goddesses, ancestors, spirits of the land, and other’s in the community. Since the Christians living in Rome at the time believed in the one true God they were mocked and tortured, but in no way did they give into the false teachings that were in their surroundings ( II Peter chapter 2) Works Cited Nosotro, Rit. â€Å"Nero. † 13. 05. 2007. 13. 05. 07 . Christian, Imanual. â€Å"bible. org. † I Peter: how should we live in a Pagan Culture. 13 May 2007 . How to cite 1st and 2nd Peter, Essay examples

Looking Up To free essay sample

Everyone on Earth is different, so everyone is going to have different inspirations. When it comes to me, I aspire to become more of a normal person like him. Because his story hit so close to home for me, it seemed like looking in a mirror.The person that has impacted my life so much is my friend, Mark. It may seem odd that I picked just a normal guy; add that to the fact that I have not known him too long, but I have very good reasons. One of such reasons is the fact that he has gone through many hardships in his life, but he’s come out on the other side a better person than before said hardships. This inspired me to become a better person like him because I have gone through many of the same hardships as him, but the difference was that I did not take anything from them. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking Up To or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If anything, I let these situations make me a more bitter person. However, after meeting Mark, I realized that I should not let these situations define me as a person. However, I did not choose Mark as my inspiration for for only one reason; I also chose him for everything he has physically done for me. One such example is after I went through some prolonged family problems, I talked to him about it, and he talked me down and helped me realize that these problems are not everlasting. Basically, any time that I was going through a rough patch after I met Mark, he helped me to realize why I should not worry too much about it and how to do that. Although this is not as notable as the others, I still feel it should be addressed; any time that I had trouble with my math or engineering, he helped me to understand it which helped me pass. Overall, Mark has made such a positive impact on my life that I have completely changed my way of thinking about life. He has taught me to take positives out of the negatives in life and to always be a good person, even if you have had a bad day. No matter what, Mark will always have more impact than any celebrity or his torical figure, and I think it is blatantly obvious why that is.

Rodney Dangerfields Best One-Liners

Rodney Dangerfields Best One-Liners Rodney Dangerfield had captured the minds of his audience with his ribald, in-your-face humor. Dangerfield expired on October 6, 2004, and his death created a void. It is almost difficult to smile at jokes, but his quotes remind us that laughter is the essence of life. So lets go on with the memory of the legendary comedian while we read  Rodney Dangerfield  quotes. General Humor People say fish is good for a diet. But fish should never be cooked in butter. Fish should be cooked in its natural oils - Texaco, Mobil, Exxon... Acting deals with very delicate emotions. It is not putting up a mask. Each time an actor acts he does not hide; he exposes himself. Men who do things without being told draw the most wages. I bought a new Japanese car. I turned on the radio... I dont understand a word theyre saying. I bought a perfect second car... a tow truck. I have three kids, one of each. I have nothing but troubles with my car. Every Sunday I take my family out for a push. Boy  what a hotel that was. Why, they stole my towel! I was so depressed that I decided to jump from the tenth floor. They sent up a priest. He said, On your mark... What a dog I got, he found out we look alike, so he killed himself. Childhood Oh, when I was a kid in show business I was poor. I used to go to orgies to eat the grapes. When I was a kid my parents moved a lot, but I always found them. I came from a real tough neighborhood. I bought a waterbed and found a guy at the bottom of it. I came from a real tough neighborhood. In the local  restaurant,  I sat down and had  broken  leg of lamb. I came from a real tough neighborhood.  Why,  every time I shut the window, I hurt somebodys fingers. I was so ugly my mother used to feed me with a  sling shot. I had plenty of pimples as a kid. One day I fell asleep in the library. When I woke up, a blind man was reading my face. In the school I went to, they asked a kid to prove the law of gravity and he threw the teacher out of the window. I came from a real tough neighborhood. On my street, the kids take hubcaps†¦ from moving cars. I came from a real tough neighborhood. Once, a guy pulled a knife on me. I knew he wasnt a professional; the knife had butter on it. Family My cousin is gay; in school while other kids were dissecting frogs, he was opening flies. My cousin is gay; he went to London only to find out that Big Ben was a clock. My cousin is gay; I always tell him that in our family tree, hes in the fruit section. I looked up my family tree and found three dogs using it. My kid wants to be a prison warden when he grows up so he can put thumb tacks on the electric chairs. One time my whole family played hide and seek. They found my mother in Pittsburgh! With my old  man  I got no respect. I asked him, How can I get my kite in the air? He told me to run off a cliff. My old man, I told him Im tired of running around in circles. So he nailed my other foot to the floor. When I was born, the doctor came out to the waiting room and said to my father, Im very  sorry. We did everything we could. But he pulled through. I come from a stupid family. During the Civil War  my great uncle fought for the West. I could tell that my parents hated me. My bath toys were a toaster and a radio. I come from a stupid family. My father worked in a bank. They caught him stealing pens. I looked up my family tree and found out I was the sap. When my old man wanted sex, my mother would show him a picture of me. Im so ugly - my father carries around a picture of the kid who came with his wallet. Boy,  is my wife stupid! It takes her an hour and a half to watch 60 minutes. My daughters no bargain either. In public  school  she was voted most likely to conceive. Age Last year my birthday cake looked like a prairie fire. At twenty, a man is full of fight and hope. He wants to reform the world. When he is seventy, he still wants to reform the world, but he knows he cant. I told my psychiatrist that everyone hates me. He said I was being ridiculous†¦ everyone hasnt met me yet. Funny Incidents For two hours, some guy followed me around with a pooper scooper. The other night a mugger took off his mask and made me wear it. Last week I was walking by a cemetery, two guys came after me with shovels. It was all about money. A travel agent told I could spend seven nights in Hawaii†¦ no days, just nights. Last week, my tie caught on fire; some guy tried to put it out with an  axe. Doctors I met the surgeon general - he offered me a cigarette. I went to the doctor because Id swallowed a bottle of sleeping pills. My doctor told me to have a few drinks and get some rest. My doctor told me to watch my drinking. Now I drink in front of a mirror. And I drink too much, way too much; my doctor drew blood -  he ran a tab! I went to see my doctor. Doctor, every morning when I get up and look in the mirror... I feel like throwing up. Whats wrong with me? He said, I dont know but your eyesight is perfect. Last week I told my psychiatrist, I keep thinking about suicide. He told me from now on I have to pay in advance. Sex Im at the age where I want two girls. In case I fall asleep, they will have someone to talk to. My sex life is terrible; my wife put a mirror over the dogs bed.  Actually  she did put a mirror over our bed. She says she likes to watch herself laugh. The big difference between sex for money and sex for free is that sex for money usually costs a lot less. A girl phoned me the other day and said, Come on over, theres nobody home. I went over. Nobody was home. During sex, my girlfriend always wants to talk to me. Just the other night she called me from a hotel. I once went out with this wild girl. She made French toast and got her tongue caught in the toaster. My wife only has sex with me for a purpose. Last night it was to time an egg. With girls, I dont think right. I had a date with one girl, she had mirrors all over her bedroom. She told me to come over and bring a bottle. I got Windex. Im taking Viagra and drinking prune juice - I dont know if Im coming or going. I got myself good this morning too. I did my pushups in the nude; I didnt see the mouse trap. I know the best way to get girls. I hang out at prisons and wait for parolees. I asked my wife if she enjoys a cigarette after sex and she said, No, one drag is enough. I saved a girl from being attacked last night. I controlled myself. Im a bad lover. I once caught a peeping tom booing me. Self My problem is that I appeal to everyone that can do me absolutely no good. One year they asked me to be poster boy - for birth control. You wanna  have  laughs? Do what I do. When I go through a tollbooth, I keep going. I tell the guy, The car behind me is paying for two. I found there was only one way to look thin:  hang out with fat people. My psychiatrist told me I was crazy and I said I want a second opinion. He said,  okay, youre ugly too. Im so ugly... I worked in a pet shop, and people kept asking how big Id get. I was such an ugly kid†¦ when I played in the sandbox, the cat kept covering me up. I get no respect. The way my luck is running, if I was a politician, I would be honest. I went to a freak show and they let me in for nothing. I had a good time last week. I did a show; the whole audience was midgets. I got a standing ovation - I didnt even know it! Oh, last week was a rough week. I noticed my gums were shrinking. I was brushing my teeth with Preparation H. I drink too much. The last time I gave a urine sample it had an olive in it. This morning, when I put on my underwear, I could hear the Fruit-of-the-Loom guys laughing at me. His Wife My wife has to be the worst cook. Her specialty is indigestion. One day as I came home early from work... I saw a guy jogging naked. I said to the guy, Hey buddy, why are you doing that? He said, Because you came home early. My wife made me join a bridge club. I jump off next Tuesday. I havent spoken to my wife in years. I didnt want to interrupt her. Once, somebody stole our car. I asked my wife if she saw who it was. She said, No, but I did get the license number. With my  wife,  I  dont get no  respect. I made a toast on her birthday to the best woman a man ever had. The waiter joined me. My wife had her drivers test the other day. She got 8 out of 10. The other 2 guys jumped clear. I asked him, Who said you could fool around with my wife? He said, Everybody. Ill tell you one thing, I know how to satisfy my wife in bed.  Yeah, I leave. I told my wife the truth. I told her I was seeing a psychiatrist. Then she told me the truth: that she was seeing a psychiatrist, two plumbers, and a bartender. My wifes not too smart. I told her  our kids were spoiled. She said, All kids smell that way. My wife has to be the worst cook. Ive got the only dog who begs for Alka-Seltzer. Theres only one thing wrong with my wifes face - it shows. †¦went to a bar for a few drinks. The bartender asked what I wanted. Surprise me, I said. So he showed me a naked picture of my wife. My wife has to be the worst cook. I dont believe meatloaf should glow in the dark. My wife has to be the worst cook. In my house, we pray after we eat. I have good looking kids. Thank goodness my wife cheats on me. I went to look for a used car and found my wifes dress in the back seat. I remember one guy gave her a good piece of his mind. Yeah, it was right after she took a good piece of his leg. My marriage is on the rocks again.  Yeah, my wife just broke up with her  boyfriend. My wifes a great driver; she once hit a deer. It was in a zoo. There is a pair of shoes on the dashboard. They belong to the last guy she hit. My wife was afraid of the dark†¦ then she saw me naked and now shes afraid of the light. Why,  her cooking is so bad that the flies pitched in to fix the screen door. I leave dental floss in the kitchen and watch the roaches hang themselves.

Primary Operations IEP Goals for Math

Primary Operations IEP Goals for Math The Common Core State Standards, written for the Council of Chief State School Executives, have been adopted by 47 states. Many states are rolling out curriculum and assessments to align with these standards. Here are IEP goals aligned to the standards for young or severely disabled students. Kindergarten Operations and Algebraic Understanding (KOA) This is the lowest level of mathematical function, but still serves as a foundational basis for understanding operations. According to the Core Common State standards, students should be able to: Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from. KOA1: Students will represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g. claps,) acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations. This standard is an effective strategy for teaching students with disabilities to model addition and subtraction, but difficult to write goals for. I will start with 2. KOA2: Students will solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem. (Addition) When presented with ten random sets of counters within ten, JOHNNY STUDENT, will solve problems modeled by the teacher with statements such as: Here are three counters. Here are four counters. How many counters altogether? correctly answering 8 out of 10, three out of four consecutive trials.(Subtraction) When presented with ten random sets of counters within ten, JOHNNY STUDENT will solve problems modeled by the teacher using statement, such as, Here are ten counters. I will take these away. How many are left? correctly answering 8 out of 10 (80%), three out of four consecutive trials. KOA3: Students will decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 2 3 and 5 4 1). When presented with ten random sets of counters within ten, JOHNNY STUDENT will divide the counters into two sets, placing each on a template with two squares, and writing a math statement for each set, (i.e. 4 4 8) correctly 8 of 10 probes (80%) , three of four consecutive trials. KOA4: For any number from 1 to 9, the student will find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation. When presented with a random number on a card from 1 to 9, JOHNNY STUDENT will find the correct number of counters to add to the number to make ten, 8 out of 9 probes, (89%) for three of four consecutive trials. KOA5: Students will fluently add and subtract within 5. When randomly given 10 mixed flash cards with addition problems using numbers 0 through 5, and subtraction problems using numbers 0 through 5, JOHNNY STUDENT will correctly answer 9 of 10 in quick succession, three of four consecutive trials. First Grade Operations and Algebraic Thinking (1OA) Common Core Standards for first grade Operations and Algebraic Thinking from 1 through 4 are excellent for instruction, but Standards 5 and 6 will provide evidence of having mastered operations to 20. 1OA.5: Students will relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2). This standard aligns well with two common methods for teaching addition and subtraction for students with learning disabilities: Touch Math and number lines. There are goals for each of these methods. For each of these goals, I would recommend the Math Worksheet Sit. You are able to control the range of problems that will be randomly generated at this free site. For Touch Math you can add the touch points after you have generated random addition or subtraction pages. I have also used the addition or subtraction pages that come with the students book for data collection. When given ten (10) addition problems with Touch Points,with addends to 9, JOHNNY STUDENT will write the correct answer, 8 out of 10 problems (80%) for three of four consecutive trials.When given ten (10) subtraction problems with Touch Points, with minuends to 18 and subtrahends to 9, JOHNNY STUDENT will write the correct answer, 8 out of 10 problems (80%) for three of four consecutive trials.When given a numberline to 20 and ten (10) addition problems with addends to 9, JOHNNY STUDENT will write the correct answer, 8 out of 10 problems (80%) for three of four consecutive trials. When given a numberline to 20 and ten (10) addition problems with addends to 9, JOHNNY STUDENT will write the correct answer, 8 out of 10 problems (80%) for three of four consecutive trials. 1OA.6 Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 6 8 2 4 10 4 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 - 4 13 - 3 - 1 10 - 1 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 4 12, one knows 12 - 8 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 6 1 12 1 13). This standard may make a good partner to teaching place value, by helping students find and see the ten in numbers between 11 and 20. I offer only one goal, as this is far more effective as an instructional strategy than a measurable goal. When given a random number of counters between 11 and 19 ten times (probes), JOHNNY STUDENT will regroup the number into a ten and ones, placing them on a work mat with two squares, one labeled ten, the other ones correctly 8 out of 10 probes (80%) in three of four consecutive trials.